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Humanities- Final (Quizzes 7-13)

Terms in this set (106)

Which of the following is among the primary factors leading to the Reformation?
a) the growing disillusionment with the corruption in the Roman Catholic Church
b) a greed for ecclesiastical and church lands and property
c) a desire for s simpler, more personal and direct spiritual life
d) the abuses in the sale of indulgences
e) church services in Latin, a language most parishioners do not comprehend
Answer: A, C, D, E
True of False. Between 1450 and 1700, the major threat to Christian Europe is the Islamic Sassanian Empire, in its day one of the most powerful and accomplished states and cultures, a multinational and multilingual realm controlling two-thirds of the Mediterranean Sea, much of south-eastern Europe, Western Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa.
False. Ottoman Empire
Because of its extensive and daring merchant fleet with a virtual monopoly in the spice trade, what Italian city is the most cosmopolitan and richest in Western Europe from the 10th to the 15th centuries?
Venice
Define humanism.
The idea or belief that humans have value, dignity, and rights, in and of themselves.
Clearly, concisely, for Luther and the Evangelicals (later Protestants), who or what is the ultimate moral authority and judge in the Christian society?
The faithful christian reading the Bible
Along with the classical Hellenic period, the ????? foremost shapes the Western ideal of human body and mind, of disciplined physical and intellectual development.
High Renaissance
Which of the following is not among the major differences between Catholic and Protestant Christianity?
a) a belief in papal supremacy in matters of Church and morals
b) a belief that all beliefs and doctrines must be based on the Bible alone
c) a belief that goods works are necessary as faith to salvation
d) a belief that salvation is through God's grace alone, none deserve it
e) a belief that there is no intercessor between the individual and God except Christ
None of the above
True or False. Searching for a more dependable and durable painting medium, the Florentines adopt and adapt the oil paints found in the Netherlands, combining them with flexible resins to produce a means allowing more direct application to canvas, greater brushwork freedom, and an increased color range and brilliance.
False. Venicians
Clearly, concisely, what is the organized consequences of the Protestant doctrine regarding the individual's right and duty to read and interpret scripture, each person her or his own priest?
Sectarianism
????? is the idea or belief that reason ought to prevail in human affairs.
Rationalism
Clearly, concisely, between 1600 and 1945, if a Protestant household anywhere in the world owns a book, what specific book would it likely be?
Vernacular Bible
Which of the following is among the preeminent figures of the extraordinary flowering of ideas and art in Renaissance Florence?
a) Desiderius Erasmus
b) Leonardo da Vinci
c) Lorenzo Ghiberti
d) Michelangelo Buonarroti
e) Filippo Brunelleschi
Answer: B, C, D, E
????? is the idea or belief that human potential is a gift from God, Who expects people to develop a balance of physical, spiritual, moral, and intellectual faculties in the furtherance of a Christian life and salvation.
Christian humanism
Clearly, concisely, for what specific reason do the Olmecs, Mayans, and other Meso-American peoples believe in and practice bloodletting and human sacrifice?
To return the blood back the Gods that used it to create humans.
Define imperialism.
The idea of belief that one people or nation may extend their power to another people or nation.
True or False. Lutheranism is the idea of or belief in the total sovereignty and omnipotence of God, the utter depravity and sinfulness of humankind, and that God, in His omniscience, has know for eternity who will be saved and who will be damned, that nothing that any person or persons do can change this, that only a very few, "the elect," are saved by God's grace.
False. Calvinism
What country launches the largest exploration fleet in history (more than 300 ships and 27,000 men) on voyages to make contact with other peoples, cultures, and nations?
China
Correctly connect each of the following authors with his appropriate work.
a. Miguel de Cervantes _____ Essais (Essays)
b. Thomas More _____ Don Quixote de la Mancha
c. William Shakespeare _____ Utopia
d. Michel de Montaigne _____ Hamlet; King Lear
Answer:
d) Michel de Montaigne
a) Miguel de Cervantes
b) Thomas More
c) William Shakespeare
????? is the idea or belief that conscious life or spirits inhabit all natural objects and phenomena.
Animism
Clearly, concisely, a) what is the Columbian exchange, b) what specific year does it begin, c) when does it end?
a) the widespread traffic in plants, animals, foods, diseases, people, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
b) 1492
c) It doesn't
Define communalism.
The idea or belief that the well-being and success of the community is necessary for the well-being and success of the individual.
True or False. Africa, south of the Sahara Desert, is mostly a homogeneous people and culture based on the tribalism and similar languages.
False. Heterogeneous
Which of the following is not among the integral characteristics of Incan culture?
a) the mastery of every known style of hand-weaving
b) personal and communal bloodletting
c) every Inca boy goes to school
d) an extensive transportation and communication system
e) large-scale storage and distribution facilities for food and clothing
Answer: B, C
As a result of Protestant iconoclasm, their fanatical mass destruction of Catholic religious art and relics, what specific fine art form suffers a marked decline in Northern Europe, deemed too sensual and contrary to the biblical injunction against "graven images."
Sculpture
Clearly, concisely, why is the Reformation a major event in the Western emancipation of the mind, society, and culture?
It authorizes dissent against the highest authorities.
True or False. The towering achievement of the Renaissance in England, in Elisabethan and Jacobean art, is in painting, graphics, the visual arts.
False.
Which of the following is not among the basic characteristics of Baroque art?
a) symmetry, balance, decorum
b) richness, opulence, lavishness
c) sweeping emotional power
d) dramatic lighting effects
e) simple, uncomplicated spatial arrangements
Answer: A, E
Generally reacting against the idealism, perfectionism, and restraint of High Renaissance art, ????? is idiosyncratic, marked by over-refinement, experiments in forms, distortions, even grotesqueries, with virtuosity for virtuosity's sake.
Mannerism
True of False. The spirals, curves, rhombi, ovals, and irregular polygons of Renaissance art are replaced by the precise lines, circles, triangles, and rectangles of Baroque art.
False.
Which of the following is among the genres or categories of painting?
a) genre (scenes of daily life)
b) still life
c) portraiture
d) abstract
e) landscape
Answer: A, B, C, E
Clearly, concisely, what does the distinctive interplay of light and dark signify in Early Baroque art?
Contrast and conflict between heavenly and earthly.
What specific translation of the Bible has the most subsequent influence on English and American cultures in particular and Anglophone culture worldwide?
Authorized
Which of the following is among the results of the Catholic Counter-Reformation?
a) reaffirmation of the individual Catholic conscience as the ultimate moral authority
b) a rigorous control of education and arts in Catholic countries
c) codification and enforcement of Catholic doctrine
d) concessions to the Protestants regarding certain doctrines and dogmas lacking scriptural bases
e) increased religious militancy
Answer: B, C, E
????? is the technique of modeling pictorial figures in light and dark to enhance the illusion of three-dimensionality.
Tenebrism
Clearly, concisely, for what specific reason does monarchy and later absolutism (the divine right of kings to rule) encounter resistance, covert or overt, in Protestant countries?
Protestants belief in the primary in individual conscience to resist all other forms of authority.
The increased fanaticism and militancy of the Catholics and Protestants in the 17th century leads to a calamitous religious war in which as much as one-third of the population of the German states may have perished. By what name is this great war of religion remembered?
The Thirty Years' War
True or False. The Council of Trent and the Counter-Reformation are as much the Protestant reaction against the increasing claims of science to discover material fact and truth as they are against the religious attacks upon the Church, the mounting schism in Christendom.
False. Catholic
Define nationalism.
The idea of belief in a devotion to the interests and culture of one sovereign state.
????? is the idea of or belief is a revival of classical Greek and Roman ideas, ideals, and forms in art and architecture.
Neoclassicism
True or False. For the German idealist, Georg Hegel, all existence centers on der absolute Geist, " the absolute Spirit," an all-inclusive World Spirit/Mind which seeks to know itself, to actualize itself through its individual manifestations in each person's spirit/mind and in humanity's in general.
True
Which major precursor of modern thinking adduces that all current life-forms have their origins in preexisting life-forms, that the distinguishable differences between various genera and species are due, in successive generations, to mutations favored by factors, chance and inherent, in the environment.
Darwin
Mach each of the following scientists, writers, etc., with his or her work:
a. Charles Darwin _____ Gulliver's Travels
b. Adam Smith _____ Candide
c. Voltaire _____ The origin of the Species by Means of
Natural Selection
d. Jonathan Swift _____ The wealth of Nations
Answer:
d) Jonathan Swift
c) Voltaire
a) Charles Darwin
b) Adam Smith
Contrast the Enlightenment with Romanticism, providing at least three points of contrast.
Enlightenment Romanticism
Reason Passion
Reflective Active
Restraint Freedom
Which of the following is not among the results of the advent of the 18th century Industrial Revolution?
a) an increasing shift from mechanical to human and animal power
b) an increasing shift of people from industry and services to agriculture
c) the development of steam power
d) urbanization
e) and increase in inventions, production processes, technology, etc
Answers: A, B
For the Romantics, what element of fundamental is the touchstone of human life, insight, development, and fulfillment, its power, grandeur, and beauty the source of the "Sublime," of transcendent truth and moral principles.
Nature
True or False. Despite its highly optimistic aspirations and its developments in the concepts of human rights and the social contract, the most conspicuous failure of the Enlightenment is to advance humanity, to achieve equity and justice in the treatment of all peoples, is the continued existence of war, of destruction hostilities between peoples and nations.
False. Slavery
Romanticism emphasizes individuality, personal experience and feeling, emotion and imagination, validating spontaneity and risk; ????? lies at the heart of Romantic thought and art.
Self-fulfillment
Which of the following is among the factors in the rise of Romanticism?
a) the apparent failure of 18th century rationalism
b) growing social consciousness and conscience
c) the celebration and sanctification of nature
d) the increasing materialism, mechanization, and ills of the Industrial Revolution
e) the impetus given to the ideas of individual liberty and rights by the American and French Revolutions.
Answer: A, D, E
The "father of modern economics," Adam Smith develops a doctrine opposing any governmental interference in business and commerce beyond the minimum necessary to maintain property rights and social order. Clearly, concisely, by what French term is this doctrine known?
Laissez-faire
True or false. The primary form of Black literature in the 19th century are Black experience novels giving voice to the individual and collective Black conditions, aspirations, and spirit, aiming at social, economic, and political assimilation and equality.
False. Abolition literature
????? is the idea or belief that artistic form should develop out of the content of the work, should grow and evolve from within like a living entity.
Organicism
Which of the following is not among the characteristics of Neoclassical art?
a) innovative, inventive forms and styles
b) ideals of clarity, order, symmetry, decorum
c) emphasis on individuality, personality
d) mimetic, representational, art "a mirror held up to Nature"
e) a quest for works of a "noble simplicity"
Answer: A, C
What specific literary form develops into the most popular written farm in the 18th century as result of its ability to subsume all other forms of imaginative literature and because of its appeal to a new, growing, major audience: women?
Novel
Clearly, concisely, for the Romantics, what justifies life, infuses Nature, and is identified with God, its agonies and ecstasies being a primary subject of Romantic art?
Love
True or false. The stylistic keynote and chief characteristic of Romantic poetry, the poetry of Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats, and Shelley, is the sincerity; for the Romantics, all good poetry is honest and heart-felt.
False. Intensity
Define human rights.
The necessities, entitlements, and privileges given at birth.
????? is the idea or belief that all political power is or should be invested in one supreme ruler or authority, based upon "the divine right of kings to rule."
Absolutism
True or False. Vanitas still life painting with its exuberant representation of material objects such as bouquets of flowers, fruits, foods, books, musical instruments, and other possessions is an elementary celebration of the sensuous beauty, diversity, and pleasures of life, an unqualified affirmation of hedonism, the search for worldly happiness.
False.
Clearly, concisely, distinguish between deductive logic or reasoning and inductive logic or reasoning.
Deductive logic reasons from general principles, propositions, definitions, to individual cases, facts, particulars.
Inductive logic reasons from individual cases, facts, particulars, to principles, propositions, and definitions.
Which of the following is not among the fundamental ideas or perspectives driving the Enlightenment, the advancement into the modern world?
a) a pessimistic worldview
b) rationalism
c) a belief in progress
d) scientific empiricism
e) religious fervor
Answer: A, E
What country is the only one know to successfully outlaw guns after they are introduced and to virtually isolate itself from the rest of the world for some 250 years?
Japan
For Rene Descartes, what is the most self-evident truth, the one proposition that is beyond doubt?
"I think, therefore I am"
True or False. Gottfried Leibniz's rational optimism argues that God, being perfectly rational, good, and all-powerful, would create the best possible world in which all events tends to goodness, everything have a purpose, with an aim towards progress and enlightenment.
True.
Define social contract theory.
The idea that, in the formation of a society and government, people accept restrictions to their natural rights for stability and security.
Correctly match each of the following scientists, philosophers, writers with his or her work.
a. Mary Wollstonecraft _____ De l'esprit des pois (On the
Spirit of the Laws)
b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau _____ Principia mathematica
c. Thomas Hobbes _____ Leviathan
d. Galileo Galilei _____ Astronomica nova (The New
Astronomy)
e. John Locke _____ The Declaration of Independence
f. Andreas Vesalius _____ Discours de la methode (Discourse
on Method)
g. Marquis de Condorcet _____ A Vindication of the Rights of
Women
h. Rene Descartes _____ Dialogo sopra I due massimi sistemi
del mondo (Dialogue on Two Major
Systems of the World)
i. Johannes Kepler
j. Thomas Jefferson _____ Two Treatises of Government
k. Nicolas Copernicus
l. Francis Bacon _____ Tartuffe; Le Misanthrope
m. Baron de Montesquieu _____ De humani corporis fabrica
(On the Structure of the
Human Body)
n. Moliere
o. Isaac Newton _____ The Advancement of Learning
_____ Du contrat social (Of the Social
Contract)
_____ De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
(On the Revolution of Celestial Bodies)
_____ Des progres de l'esprit humain (On the
Progress of the Human Spirit)
Answer:
m) Baron de Montesquieu
o) Isaac Newton
c) Thomas Hobbes
i) Johannes Kepler
j) Thomas Jefferson
h) Rene Descartes
a) Mary Wollstonecraft
d) Galileo Galilei
e) John Locke
n) Moliere
f) Andreas Vesalius
l) Francis Bacon
b) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
k) Nicolas Copernicus
g) Marquis de Condorcet
????? is the idea of or belief in a Supreme Being that created the cosmos and instituted universal, natural laws that preclude and alterations, as well as divine interventions or immanence.
Deism
True or False. For Rousseau, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is chains!": humans essentially good by nature, instinctual, intuitive, and attuned to nature, are distorted and corrupted by culture, civilization.
True
Clearly, concisely, why is the Enlightenment a breakthrough in modern critical consciousness?
Its unwillingness to accept any authority without question is a hallmark of modern thinking.
Which of the following is among the reasons the American Declaration of Independence is written?
a) to declare war on Great Britain
b) to gain allies
c) to influence public opinion
d) to institute the basic human rights of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"
e) the justify treason
Answer: B, C, E
????? is the idea or belief in a primitivist reaction against the growing complications, sophistications, and urbanization of Western culture, primarily in art evoking the peace and simplicity of country life, the rhythms of nature, though in a highly stylized, idealized vision.
Pastoralism
True or False. Kant's transcendentalism idealism holds that the mind is an active participant of factor in out accumulation of knowledge, that some of the properties we observe in objects and events are due to human nature rather than to the objects or events themselves.
True
During the 15th-18th centuries, which specific Indian dynasty is the richest and among the most sophisticated in the world, a largely secular, aristocratic culture outstanding in architecture, steel manufacture, observational astronomy, textiles, painting, music, cuisine, landscape gardening, etc.?
Mughal Dynasty
Galileo Galilei holds that the universe, the cosmos, has a language and that this language is ?????.
Mathematics.
True or False. Taking "the gifts of civilization" and the "comfort of the word of God" to the "half devil, half child" peoples of the world, 19th and 20th century Western imperialist powers introduced social, economic, political, and religious progress to the natives of Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America, generally with beneficent, humane, selfless results.
False.
????? is the idea of or belief in the unity of the world with the Over-Soul, its indwelling in all things permits the intuitive access to higher moral and spiritual truths.
Transcendentalism
Define Realism in art.
The idea or belief that art should depict life as it is.
They perceive human history in materialistic and economic terms as "the history of class struggles" between "the haves and haves-not," the rich and poor, the powerful and oppressed, contending that to achieve a truly just, equitable world all private property, beyond what is necessary and personal, should be abolished, all goods and services be commonly owned and meritoriously distributed.
Marx, Engels
He criticizes modern existence, especially the hypnotic emptiness of materialism, the life-sapping myopia of religion, as obstructions to the development of the self-actuating Ubermensch, the "supraman," the man or woman fulfilling the "will to power' in vital, dynamic, creative thought and action.
Nietzsche
True of False. The dominant form of 19th century Black literature are Black experience novels giving voice to individual and collective Black conditions, aspirations, and spirit, aiming at socio-political assimilation and equality.
False. Abolition literature
Define liberalism.
The idea or belief that society is crucially composed of individuals who's liberties and rights should be protected at all costs.
In the 19th century, science, philosophy, the arts, daily life, business, etc. are bound together by their tendency to regulate and interpret life in terms of ?????, as exemplified by the emphases placed on planning, scheduling, and efficiency.
Time
True of False. Romantic architecture, rejecting staid, rational Neoclassicism, and relishing the exotic, novel, is either eclectic, a fusion of diverse cultural and period styles, or neo-Medieval, a resurgence of the Gothic.
True
Correctly connect each of the following authors with her or his work.
a. Walt Whitman _____ Thus Spake Zarathustra; The Gay
Science
b. Mark Twain _____ On Liberty
c. Charles Dickens _____ The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
d. Jane Austen _____ The Communist Manifesto; Das Kapital
e. Friedrich Nietzsche _____ Faust
g. John Stuart Mill _____ Great Expectations; David David Copperfield
h. Marx and Engels _____ Pride and Prejudice; Sense and Sensibility
i. Henry David Thoreau _____ Leaves of Grass
j. Wolfgang von Goethe _____ Walden, or Life in the Woods
Answer:
e) Friedrich Nietzsche
g) John Stuart Mill
b) Mark Twain
h) Marx and Engels
j) Wolfgang von Goethe
c) Charles Dickens
d) Jane Austen
a) Walt Whitman
i) Henry David Thoreau
Contrast Romanticism with Realism.
Romanticism Realism
Country City
Emotion Reason
Individual Society
Which of the following is not among the factors in the rise of the 19th century Realism?
a) increasing materialism, consumerism
b) the apparent failure of 18th century rationalism, Enlightenment reason
c) the exploitative, blighting, inhumane results of the Industrial Revolution
d) socialization, socialism, social consciousness
e) scientific discoveries, technological advances
Answer: B, C
Clearly, concisely distinguish between the Marxist bourgeoisie and proletariat.
Bourgeoisie are owners and managers
Proletariat are workers
a) Which novel b) which author shapes the theme of a creation turning upon its creator, of science or technology that threatens to enslave or destroy hubristic humanity.
a) Frankenstein b) Mary Shelley
True or False. Romantic painting, the works of Goya, Gericault, Delacroix, etc., celebrates the heroic, noble nature of humanity, its sometimes self-sacrificing, altruistic capacities despite the basic egocentricity of most people.
True
Name the three major models or idols of Romantic individualism, of personal genius and achievement?
a. Beethoven
b. Byron
c. Bonapart
True or False. In quantum mechanics, Einstein's Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to determine an atomic or subatomic particle's position and momentum simultaneously, this uncertainty a basic property of nature as we know it, and thus only probability distributions are possible in our knowledge of the world in which nothing can be known absolutely, definitively.
False
????? is the idea or belief that painting should consist in the breakdown of sunlight into is component colors, that brilliance is achieved by juxtaposing primary colors, and that pictorial form derived from optical merging.
Impressionism
Which of the following is not among Modernist perspectives following the Great War?
a) the belief that civilization is in decline
b) a lack of social consensus
c) a loss of metaphysical certainties
d) a questioning of conventional concepts of class, gender roles, sexuality, etc.
e) a trust in, optimism about progress
Answer: E
While ????? is the merging of social, economic, and political control of a country under an autocratic government of the nationalist right, ????? is the elimination of social and economic inequities by means of the common ownership of the means of the production and distribution of all goods and services, under the aegis a people's political collective, ideally a classless, stateless society.
Fascism, communism
Define probabilism.
The idea or belief that probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action.
True or False. Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Paul Cezanne are major Impressionist painters.
False. Postimpressionist
He redefines the mind and modern consciousness, outlines the roles of conflict and repression in psychological development, propounds a theory of infant sexuality, and redefines a clinical psychoanalysis based upon the concept of the dynamic, formative unconscious mind.
Freud
He produces a more comprehensive physics and mechanics, conceiving the universe as a space-time continuum, formulates the relationship between matter and energy, fixing the speed of light as a standard cosmic measurement.
Einstein
By what designation is the period of long and serve worldwide economic recession (extensive investment and banking failures, diminished industrial production, massive unemployment, rife homelessness) between 1929 and 1939 called?
The Great Depression
Clearly, concisely, what is the defining event of the 20th century, leading to the rise of totalitarianism, the Great Depression, World War 2, the Cold War, and current American hegemony?
World War 1 or the Great War
Originally termed the "New Negro Movement," the ????? includes a wide range of authors, artists, and thinkers who challenge the pervasive racism of the day, both North and South, by giving forceful expression to the individual and collective American Black conditions, aspirations, and spirit, obliging much of American culture to rethink and redefine itself.
Harlem Renaissance
Correctly identify the country in which each of the following 20th century leaders held dictatorial powers.
a. Mao Zedong
b. Josef Stalin
c. Vladimir Lenin
d. Benito Mussolini
e. Chiang Kaishek
f. Adolf Hitler
Answer:
a. China
b. Russia
c. Russia
d. Italy
e. China
Germany
True or False. The defining and most controversial aspect of Modernism is its reassertion of the commonsense values of 19th century Realism and the individual well-being and happiness central to Romanticism.
False. Rejection
Which of the following is among the characteristics of Art Nouveau?
a) natural, organic irregular shapes
b) a full plasticity and polychromatic spectrum
c) a call for "Art in nature, nature in art"
d) rich, sensuous designs
e) the use of linear, flowing interweaving forms
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Because of its proliferating discoveries and developments, civilization increasingly dependent upon technology, what endeavor or discipline dominates in the 20th and 21st century world?
Science
True or False. Rejecting the oversimplified views and middle-class view of Realism, Symbolism exalts spirituality, the imagination, the ideal, the heroic, the transient moment, the transcendent eternal through life's "superior network of associations."
True
What specific 19th century invention appears to realize the Realist attitude regarding objectivity, ready practicality, and uncompromising vision, the insistence that art should capture "life as it is"?
Photograph, the camera
Verified questions
question
On the lines provided, make the following word groups into complete sentence by adding the kinds of subject complements Identified In parentheses. (predicate adjective) For some immigrants, the voyage to the United States was _______________________
Verified answer
history of the americas
How were the experiences of the urban unemployed and the rural poor similar? How were they different?
Verified answer
literature
Choose the word that is not related in meaning to the other words. (a) deviation, (b) oddity, (c) representative, (d) anomaly
Verified answer
vocabulary
Locate and write the incorrect terms used in the dialogue. Next to each incorrect term, write the correct term.\ “Hey, Joani, did you go in to the haunted house at the carnival?” Blair asked. “No way, Blair. I heard they were using live snakes in that attraction,” Joani answered.
Verified answer