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EHS Digestive System Diseases and Disorders

Terms in this set (26)

appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix due to obstruction or infection
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder usually due to gallstones
cirrhosis
chronic destruction of liver cells accompanied by the formation of fibrous connective and scar tissue
constipation
when fecal material (waste products) remain in the colon for too long causing excessive reabsorption of water
diverticulitis
inflammation of the intestine with formation of pouches where the mucosal lining is weak-usually worsened by constipation, straining, or low fiber diet
gastroenteritis
"stomach flu" inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestinal lining usually caused by food poisoning, infection, or toxins
gastroesophageal reflux disease
chronic disease that occurs when acid from the stomach flows back up into the esophagus causing burning, pain, and difficulty swallowing
diarrhea
condition characterized by frequent watery stools, can be caused by viral, bacterial or parasitic infections as well as stress, poor diet, and toxins
hemorrhoids
painful, dilated varicose veins of rectum
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver , different types of hepatitis depend on the cause-Type A contracted from contaminated food or water Type B, C contracted from infected blood and body fluids
hernia
a rupture that occurs when an internal organ pushes through a weakened area in a body wall-usually when a section of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall ( not through the skin)
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas where the pancreatic enzymes begin to digest the pancreas itself and it becomes necrotic, inflamed and swollen
peritonitis
inflammation of abdominal peritoneal cavity usually due to ruptured or burst intestine that allows intestinal contents to enter into abdominal cavity-can be deadly if gets into bloodstream
ulcer (H. plyori)
an open sore on the stomach lining-bacteria burrows into stomach lining allowing stomach acid to create an ulcer
ulcerative colitis
severe inflammation of the colon containing ulcers and abscesses main symptom is diarrhea containing blood, pus, and mucous
alimentary canal
the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus-includes the esophagus, stomach, and intestines
bolus
chewed food
pharynx
the tube extending from the back of the nasal passages and mouth to the esophagus-air passes to the larynx and food to the esophagus
small intestine
narrow, winding, upper part of the intestine where digestion is completed and nutrients are absorbed by the blood-extends from the pylorus to the cecum and consists of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum
esophagus
muscular tube that transports saliva, liquids, and foods from the mouth to the stomach-contains sphincter muscles to prevent food/liquid from traveling backwards
large intestine
absorbs water and nutrients from wastes, creating stool
pancreas
ocated behind the stomach- secretes hormones (insulin, glucagen, and somatostatin) into the bloodstream and digestive enzymes into the small intestine
peristalsis
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward
chyme
the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food
liver
filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body, detoxifies chemicals-bile helps carry away waste and break down fats in the small intestine during digestion
gall bladder
stores and concentrate bile
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