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Anatomy Terms

Terms in this set (35)

alimentary canal
passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus
gastrointestinal tract
organ system that takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels remaining waste as feces and urine
mucosa
a mucus membrane or lining that secretes mucus
submucosa
layer of areolar connective tissue lying beneath a mucous membrane
muscularis externa
responsible for the segmental contractions and peristaltic movements in the gastrointestinal tract
serosa
the outermost coat or serous layer of visceral structure that lies in the body cavities of the abdomen
hard palate
the roof of the mouth, hard and bony part towards front of mouth
soft palate
the fleshy, flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth
salivary glands
glands that discharge a fluid secretion, saliva into the mouth cavity
parotid gland
largest of three major salivary glands
cardial orifice
trumpet-shaped opening of oesophagus into the stomach
gastroesophageal sphincter
a ring of smooth muscle fibers connecting the esophagus and stomach
hiatal hernia
the protrusion of an organ typically the stomach through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
rugae
series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ (gastric rugae)
cardia
upper opening of the stomach where esophagus enters
fundus
part of hollow organ (gallbladder) that is farthest from the opening. upper part of the stomach
pyloric sphincter/valve
circular fold of mucous membrane containing a ring of circularly disposed muscle fibers that closes the vertebrate pylorus
pepsin
chief digestive enzyme in the stomach which breaks down proteins into polypeptides
duodenum
first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach leading to the jejunum
jejunum
part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum
bile
a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid that aids in digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
appendix
a tube shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine
ascending colon
the first main part of the large intestine which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen
descending colon
the part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum
transverse colon
the middle part of the large intestine passing across the abdomen from the right to the left below the stomach
sigmoid colon
the S-shaped last part of the large intestine leading to the rectum
rectum
the final section of the large intestine terminating at the anus
mesentery
a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen
greater omentum
large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from stomach
ileum
third portion of the small intestine, between jejunum and cecum
pharynx
membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus
peristalsis
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestines, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward
mastication
chewing process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth. first step of digestion. it increases the surface area of foods and allows ore efficient breakdown of enzymes.
deglutition
the action or process of swallowing
lipases
a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols
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