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Bone

Terms in this set (52)

Chondrodysplasia
defective endochondral ossification that causes disproportionate (short legged dwarfism). Frequently seen in cattle and dogs, can be lethal and non lethal. considered normal in chondrodytrophoid breeds. (Hereditary or congenital malformation)
Osteopetrosis
defective osteoclasts that fail to reabsorb and remodel fetal bone causing an increased bone density with reduction in medullary space. Usually have aplastic anemia b/c no space for bone marrow. most important in sheep, pigs, cattle, but in dogs, horses, and humans. When cut, bone may appear diffusely solid but have propensity to fracture (congential malformation)
Congential cortical hyperstosis of pigs
affects long bones, characterized by exaggerated periosteal (appositional) bone growth (joints are normal). limbs appear swollen due to excessive deposition of radiating trabecula on periosteal surface and edema. usually born dead or die within hours (congenital)
amelia
absence of a limb (aka ectromelia)
hemimelia
absense of distal half of limb
phocomelia
absense of proximal portion of limb
peromelia
absense of distal portion of limbs
micromelia
small limbs
syndactylia
fusion of digits (common genetic malformation in pigs, occasionally in cattle and sheep)
polydactylia
supernumerary digits (may be inherited or teratogenic)
notomelia
extra legs attached to vertebral column
polymelia
extra legs attached to other limbs
brachymelia
short limbs
lordosis
ventral deviation of vertebral column (swayback)
kyphosis
dorsal deviation of vertebral column (hunchback)
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