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Biology semester 2 final

Terms in this set (51)

The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?
23
Refer to the illustration above. Mitosis begins with the stage shown in diagram
4
Refer to the illustration above. The cell in diagram 1 is in
Anaphase
Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown in diagram 5 is in
Telophase
How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8
16
An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce many offspring. These offspring are likely to be
Of two different phenotypes
Homozygous: heterozygous
BB:Bb
Mendels finding that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as the
Law of independent assortment
What fraction of the offspring resulting from a heterozygous x heterozygous dihybrid cross are heterozygous for both traits
1/4
Refer to the illustration above. The phenotype represented by box 1 is
Green, inflated
Refer to the illustration above the genotype represented by box 2 is
GGIi
F2:f1::
F1 : p
Mendel obtained his p generation by allowing the plants to
Self-pollinate
If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait the individual is said to be
Homozygous for the trait
The phenotype of an organism
Reflects all the traits that are actually expressed
Mendel prevented self-pollination of his plants by
Removing the anthers of the plants
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following boxes represents the same phenotype as box 7
6
Refer to the illustration above. The genotype represented by box 2 is
RrYy
Refer to the illustration above. The phenotype represented by box 1 is
Round,yellow
The first filial (f1) generation is the result of
Crosses between individuals of the parental generation
Refer to the illustration above. The genotype in box 3 of the Punnett square is
Ff
Refer to the illustration above. The genotype represented in box 1 in the Punnett square would
Be homozygous for freckles
The law of segregation explains that
Alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis
A cross of two individuals for a single contrasting trait is called
Monohybrid
The "father" of genetics was
Gregor Mendel
True-breeding pea plants always
Produce offspring each of which can have only one form of a trait
Refer to the illustration above. The phenotype of the offspring indicated by box 3 would be
Black
Refer to the illustration above. The genotypic ratio of the f1 generation would be
1:2:1
Refer to the illustration above. The device shown, which is used to determine the problem outcome of genetic crosses, is called a
Punnett square
Refer to the illustration above. Both of the parent crosses are
Black
To describe how traits can disappear and reappear in a certain pattern from generation to generation, Mendel proposed
The law of segregation
What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a heterozygous x heterozygous monohybrid cross
1:2:1
The difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross is that
Monohybrid crosses involve one trait; dihybrid crosses involve two traits
What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant x heterozygous monohybrid cross
1:2:1
How mant different phenotypes can be produced by a pair of codominant alleles
3
Wjat expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant x heterozygous monohybrid cross
1:0
A genetic trait that appears in every generation of offspring is called
Dominant
Codominance : both traits are displayed ::
Homozygous : alleles are the same
The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
Heredity
What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype
1.0
When Mendel crossed pea plants that differed in two characteristics, such as flower color and plant height
He found that the inheritance of one trait did not influence the inheritance of the other trait
What fraction of the offspring resulting from from heterozygous x heterozygous dihybrid cross are homozygous recessive for both traits
1/16
Tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents the genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness
Tt
An organism that has inherited two of the same alleles of a gene from its parents is called
Homozygous
Chargaffs rules, the base-pairing rules, state that in DNA
The amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine equals the amount of Thymine
The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another, which Frederick Griffith studied, is called
Transformation
X-Ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that
DNA molecules are arranged as a tightly coiled helix
All of the following are true about the structure of DNA except
Short strands of DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of the cell
A nucleotide consists of
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Oswald Avery showed that
Cells missing protein and RNA were able to transform R cells into S cells and kill mice, but cells missing in DNA could not
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a
Codon
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