Scripture and Its Interpretation ch 2: The Setting

Ancestral Period
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Terms in this set (37)
Ancestral Period
Also known as the Patriarchal Period, the time from Abraham and Sarah to Moses. (ch. 2)
ancient Near East: The region of the ancient world constituted by Mesopotamia (the land between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers), Egypt, Syria, and Israel.
Asia
In the Roman era, the westernmost Roman province of Asia Minor; (2) in the modern era, the continent that includes China, India, Russia, and so forth.
Asia Minor
The peninsula (roughly equivalent to modern Turkey) that has as its northern border the Black Sea, on its western side the Aegean Sea, and to the south the Mediterranean Sea; also known as Anatolia.
Babylonian exile
The period (586-539 BCE) during which many of the people of Judah were deported to Babylonia.
diaspora
Literally "dispersion"; (1) the early Jewish or Christian communities living outside Palestine; (2) other communities dispersed or displaced from and living outside of their homeland
divided monarchy
The period of Israel's history (928-722 BCE) following King Solomon's reign in which a unified nation became two entities, Israel in the north and Judah in the south.
exodus
The foundational event of the people Israel in which, according to the biblical accounts, Moses led the people out of Egypt, perhaps in the mid-thirteenth century BCE.
Fertile Crescent
The area of arable land stretching from the Nile Valley at the southeast coast of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf.
First Jewish Revolt
A Jewish uprising against the Romans, beginning in 66 CE, that resulted in the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE and ended with the fall of Masada in 74 CE
gospel/Gospel
"Good news"; (1) the salvific message about Jesus preached by his followers ("the gospel"); (2) a genre of early Christian writing that includes accounts of Jesus' activity and/or teachings, whether canonical or not (e.g., "early Christian gospels"; "the Gospel of Thomas"); (3) one of four such accounts included in the NT canon, usually indicated by an uppercase G
Greco-RomanRelating to or influenced by the cultures of both ancient Greece and ancient Rome during the Roman Period.GreekThe lingua franca (common tongue) of the Mediterranean basin following the conquests of Alexander the Great, and hence the language of both the LXX and the NT. See also Hellenism; Hellenistic Period.Hasmonean (or Maccabean)Referring to the second-century BCE family of the Jewish priest Mattathias, who revolted against Antiochus IV, and the subsequent dynasty and period of independence in Jewish history until Rome conquered Judea in 63 BCE.HellenismGreek culture, especially as it was spread beyond Greece by Alexander the Great and his heirs.Hellenistic PeriodThe period of Greek cultural influence throughout the Mediterranean basin, beginning with Alexander the Great ca. 333 BCE.Herodian PeriodThe years 37 BCE-66 CE, during the Roman Period in Palestine, when the rulers from Herod the Great to his great-grandson (Herod) Agrippa II reigned.Israel(1) The nation/people descended from the ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (renamed Israel); (2) the land promised to Abraham and his descendents, referring to a geographical region (originally Canaan), with the precise contours varying from era to era; (3) the northern kingdom during the divided monarchy.Israelis / PalestiniansThe modern peoples living within the region of ancient Palestine.IsraelitesThe term used to describe the people of God from the time of Moses to the Babylonian exile.JewsDerived from the Hebrew and Greek words for Judah and Judea/Judean; the term for the people of Israel after the Babylonian exile, replacing "Israelites."Judah(1) One of the tribes of Israel; (2) the name of the southern kingdom during the period of the divided monarchy.JudaismThe beliefs and practices of Jews ("Judahites," or people of Judah) during and after the period of the Second Temple.JudeaThe Roman province and territory in Palestine roughly equivalent to the former southern kingdom of Judah.Maccabees(1) The Hasmoneans; (2) one or more of the four writings (1-4 Maccabees) from the OT Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha concerned with the Hasmonean era.matriarchsIsrael's female ancestors who appear in Genesis: Sarah, Rebekah, Rachel, and Leah.Mediterranean BasinThe lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea—parts of Asia (including Asia Minor and Palestine), Africa, and Europe—where Greco-Roman cultures thrived in antiquity.PalestineFrom the Hebrew for "land of the Philistines"; the territory from the Mediterranean Sea to the Jordan Valley and from Galilee to the Negev.patriarchsIsrael's male ancestors who appear in Genesis: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.Pax RomanaLatin for the period of relative peace and stability established by the Roman Empire by means that included conquest and repression.rabbinicReferring to Jewish teachers (rabbis), especially the era of Jewish teachers following the destruction of the second temple in 70 CERoman EmpireThe military, political, and legislative entity that grew out of the Roman Republic and formally began with the establishment of the first emperor, Octavian (Augustus)Second TempleThe temple reconstructed from the ruins of Solomon's temple after the Babylonian exile beginning ca. 520 BCE and destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE. See also Second Temple Judaism.Second Temple JudaismThe richly varied Judaism(s) of the Second Temple period, ca. 536 BCE-70 CE, also known as "early Judaism."SeleucidPertaining to the rule of Seleucus I Nicator and his descendants (312-63 BCE) after the division of the Greek empire of Alexander the Great.settlementThe arrival of Israelites in the land of Canaan beginning toward the end of the thirteenth century BCE; sometimes known as the conquest.united monarchyThe period of Israel's national unity between North and South under the kings Saul, David, and Solomon (1025-928 BCE).YHWHThe personal name of Israel's God, possibly related to the Hebrew verb "to be"; in Jewish tradition, this name is holy and never uttered aloud, though it is sometimes pronounced and spelled as "Yahweh" by Christians.