Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

BIOLOGY Mrs. Murray

Terms in this set (139)

Science must be ______ in order to be considered true
repeatable by other scientists
A good scientist is
skeptical
A scientific _____ is true and well supported by many hypotheses
theory
What type of hydrogen bond forms when two atoms
share electrons?
covalent
Water is a ____ molecule because hydrogen and oxygen
don't share electrons evenly
polar
Each element is made up of only one kind of ____
atom
The nucleus of an atom contains ____
protons and neutrons
An ionic bond forms when two atoms combine by gaining
or losing ____
electrons
An atom that has more neutrons than protons is ____
isotope
The pH of human blood should be at ____
7.4
When non-ionic compound disassociate in water and remain Ions, this is called ____
ionization
Electrons have a ___ charge
negative
The electrons involved in chemical reactions are called
valence electrons
A hydrogen ion is sometimes called a ___ because
It has a single positive charge
proton
The pH scale is used to tell how many ___ are in a solution
hydrogen ions
If a number is below 7 on the pH scale, it is
acidic
When solving a problem scientifically, you should first state the problem in the form of a
question
If (action), then (result) is a simple way to write a
hypothesis
What is something with a pH of 6.8?
acid
What is H30?
hydronium ion
All organic compounds contain
carbon
Carbon can contain up to ____ single covalent bonds
4
The energy "currency" for all life is
Adenosine triphosphate
In the formation of a polymer, subunits are joined together in a reaction called
condensation
Glucose and fructose are
monosaccharides
The monomers of glycogen are
glucose
The chemical formula for glucose is
C6H12O6
The most abundant organic material on earth found in plant cell walls is a polysaccharide called
cellulose
Organic compounds must contain the element
carbon
This element is found in proteins but not carbohydrates
nitrogen
Cell membranes are made of
a bilayer of phospholipids
Proteins can also be called
polypeptides
Hemoglobin is an example of this type of protein
transport
These types of proteins are chemical messengers that are made in the glands and only affect target tissues
hormone
These types of proteins act as catalysts in chemical rections
enzyme
______ determines function
shape
This part of the amino acid makes it unique
the "R" group
A fatty acid that has only single covalent bonds in the hydrocarbon tail is
saturated
Water fearing
hydrophobic
The bond between amino acids is
peptide bond
How many OH groups are part of a glycerol molecule
three
The order of amino acids in a protein is the
primary structure
The curly Q structure of a protein is the
alpha helix
The sequence of amino acids is determined by
DNA
A carboxyl (COOH) functional group is found in
amino acids and fatty acids
How many fatty acids does a triglyceride have?
three
How are unsaturated and saturated fats different
saturated fat has no double covalent bonds between carbons of the main carbon chain
How many water molecules are formed in the formation of one triglyceride?
three
The 3D globular structure of a protein is
tertiary structure
The term that describes how one side of DNA runs in one direction and the other side is revesed
antiparallel
RNA has an extra ____ in its pentose sugar compared to______
oxygen, DNA
What base is found in RNA but not DNA
uracil
What is the bond that forms the bases of DNA
hydrogen bond
Where is the hereditary code stored
sequence of DNA bases
What are the components of a nucleotide?
phosphate, sugar, base
What is the diploid number of humans?
46
Energy is the
capacity to do work
When a bond breaks, what is provided?
free energy to do work
The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism is
metabolism
Raw materials taken in by an organism are
nutrients
The function of cell mitochondria
respiration
Other feeder
heterotroph
_______ is a decomposer
fungus
Producers that use sunlight to make carbs give off _____ as a waste product
O2
Consumers give off _____ as a product of respiration
CO2
An abiotic factor is ________
water
The area where life can exist on Earth
biosphere
ATP is basically
nucleotide with two extra phosphates
In any system, energy escapes into the environment as
heat
The protein considered a catalyst for a chemical reaction is
amylase
The energy enzymes lower is
activation energy
The location on an enzyme where a substrate binds is
the active site
A reaction where a substance enters into the reaction as one reactant and comes out as more than one is
decomposition
When a free glucose is added to a glucose chain, this is called
biosynthesis
The type of reaction that occurs in the mitochondria to free up electrons to change nutrients into new energy molecules
oxidation
Enzymes are ____ after they are used
unchanged
Where is a goblet cell located?
in the mucosa layer
The term for chewing is
mastication
Rugae are found in the _______
stomach
The gastroesophageal sphincter open up into the _____
fundus of the stomach
Villi are a characteristic of the ______
small intestine
Ducts from the liver and pancreas open into the ____
duodenum
Amylase is a product of the
salivary glands and pancreas
Trypsin is produced by the
pancreas
To break into smaller parts
emulsify
Alcohol, medicine, and water are absorbed in the _____
stomach
The appendix is attached to the
cecum
A lacteal vessel is involved in
fat absorption
Peptic ulcers are usually caused by
bacterial infection
The digestive food entering the small intestine is
chyme
The wave like muscle contractions of the GI tract are called
peristalsis
HCI converts ______ into _______
pepsinogen, pesin
Most digestive bacteria are located in the
large intestine
An omnivore
bear
The outer anal sphincter is made of
voluntary muscle
The gall bladder stores
bile
During diffusion, molecules move _______
down their concentration gradient
When the cells of a plant have low turgor pressure, the plant
wilts
The sodium and potassium pump is an example
active transport
A cell must use ATP when ______ are in action to transport molecules
active transport pumps
White blood cells engulf large solid substance through
phagocytosis
Protein channels like aquaporin are important in
facilitated diffusion/osmosis
Cells remove large waste through process of
exocytosis
The cell membrane is made up of a double layer of
phospholipids
What part of the cell membrane determines that polar or charged molecules can not enter or leave by simple diffusion
lipids
Receptor proteins (glycoproteins) are mostly located
on the outside surface of the cell
If a salt solution is placed on a slide that has a fresh water aquarium plant leaf on it, what will happen
vacuole shrinking
If the same plant was drenched in distilled water, what would happen
increase in turgor pressure
The concentration build up of a particular ion one one side of a cell membrane
electrical chemical potential
When a cell experiences no net movement of water in or our of cells, it is surrounded by an
isotonic solution
The hrdrophilic portion of a membrane is
the phosphates
When one side of a cell membrane has more solute per water molecules that area is
hypertonic
What is the most common active transport system in the body?
regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in cells
Spiracles are a ______ structure for ______
respiratory, grasshopper
The thin smooth muscle involved in air intake for land dwelling mammals is the
diaphragm
______ are comb-like fingers of water dwellers' respiratory organs have a large surface area and a small volume for easy gas diffusion
filaments
Each ________ of the human lung is surrounded by capillaries and is the location of diffusion of gases for humans
alveolus
This structure of the human respiratory system helps to filter, warm, and moisten air
nose
These structures regulate gas exchange and transpiration for plants
guard cells
Fish secrete nitrogen waste directly into the water around them as
ammonia
The tube that collects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body is the
urethra
Most filtration as a function of the excretory system of humans happens at the junction of
glomerular capsule / glomerulus
Active uptake of potassium by the tubule of the nephron is increased when
aldosterone levels are increased
Ant-diuretic hormone helps to
raise blood pressure by conserving water
True/false Paramecium have a special structure called contractile vacuole that helps them control excess water uptake
true
True/false There are 1,000 nephrons per kidney
false
True/false Saltwater fish get rid of excess salt they take in through their gills
true
True/false Oxygen concentration is greater in water than in air
false
True/false Nitrogen waste is very toxic to animals when it builds up
true
True/false Kidneys help land animals conserve water
true
True/false The diffusion of gasses form one cell to another mus happen across a dry membrane
false
True/false "Renal" is associated with the respiratory system
false
True/false The hypothalamus monitors many functions of the body and maintains feedback regulation for homeostasis
true
True/false 50% of the initial filtrate is returned to the blood in the kidneys
false
True/false Breathing through the nose is designed to dry out the air taken in
false
True/false Guard cells help to open the stomata on the leaf underside when the plant is dehydrated
false
True/false Water will move by osmosis from hypotonic to hypertonic to reach equilibrium
true
True/false Increased surface area of the alveoli are filaments cause diffusion of gasses to be less efficient
false
The pituitary glands sit on top of each kidney
false
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...