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Textiles

Terms in this set (136)

Two types of natural fibres?
animal fibres
vegetable fibres
two animal fibres?
wool
silk
two vegetable fibres?
cotton, linen
two types of manufactured fibres?
regenerated fibres
synthetic fibres
example of regenerated fibre?
viscose
4 examples of synthetic fibres?
polyester
nylon
acrylic
elastomeric
what makes up a fabric?
twist fibres together to form a yarn. yarns put together form a fabric.
what are all plants made from?
cellulose fibres
7 physical properties of cotton?
strong
resists abrasion
durable
absorbent
dries slowly
creases easily
cool to wear
8 end uses of cotton?
underwear
bedding
nightwear
t-shirts
shirts
dresses
jeans
towels
4 fabric names of cotton fibres?
denim
poplin
towel
velvet
3 after care for cotton?
can be washed and ironed at high temperatures
best ironed when damp
can be bleached
7 physical properties of linen?
strong
resists abrasion
durable
absorbent
dries slowly
creases easily
cool to wear
5 end uses of linen?
suits
table cloths
jackets
skirts
trousers
4 fabric names for linen?
duck
huckaback
crash
holland
3 after care for linen?
can be washed and ironed at high temperatures
best ironed when damp
can be bleached
6 physical properties of wool?
very absorbent but doesn't feel wet
resists creases
warm
not very strong
felts with rubbing
shrinks with heat
6 end uses of wool?
suits
sweaters
socks
scarves
blankets
carpets
4 fabric names for wool?
flannel
felt
tweed
serge
5 after care for wool
hand wash in low temperatures (or sinks)
medium temperature iron
can't be tumble dried
can't be bleached
normally laid flat to dry
7 physical properties of silk?
strong
durable
doesn't crease easily
absorbent
warm/cool to wear
drapes well
smooth (with shiny surface)
5 end uses of silk?
underwear
scarves
dresses
blouses
ties
4 silk fabrics?
chiffon
satin
organza
damask
2 after care for silk?
hand wash in low temperatures
medium temperature iron
why is it important to hand wash silk fabric in low temperatures?
the fibres are weak when wet
difference between regenerated fibres and synthetic fibres?
regenerated = start from natural origin (e.g. wood pulp)
synthetic = made from crude oil and coal
What type of fibre is viscose? source?
regenerated fibre
from wood pulp
4 physical properties of viscose
very absorbent
creases
not very strong or durable
not very warm
aesthetic properties of viscose?
can be shiny or matte depending on the shape of the fibre
after care for viscose? why?
wash and iron at low temperature
can melt
what type of fibre is polyester? source?
synthetic
crude oil and coal
6 physical properties of polyester?
strong
crease resistant
not absorbent
not warm
durable
holds static
aesthetic property of polyester?
can be shiny or matte depending on shape of the fibre
3 after care for polyester?
can be:
washed
iron
tumble dried
what type of fibre is nylon? source?
synthetic
crude oil and coal
6 properties of nylon?
strong
crease resistant
not absorbent
not warm
durable
hold static
aesthetic property of nylon?
can be shiny or matte depending on fibre shape
2 nylon aftercare?
washed and ironed at low temperatures
what type of fibre is acrylic? source?
synthetic
crude oil and coal
6 properties of acrylic?
warm
not as strong or durable as polyester + nylon
doesn't crease
not absorbent
pills
hold static
5 end uses of acrylic?
sweaters
blankets
imitation fur
socks
furnishings
aesthetic properties of acrylic?
usually staple fibres so fabrics tend to be slightly fluffy on the surface
5 properties of elastomeric's?
strong
lightweight
crease resistant
dries quickly
very stretchy
what are filament fibres like?
very long
3 examples of fabric with filament fibres?
silk
synthetic + regenerated fibres
what are staple fibres like?
very short
4 examples of fabric with staple fibres?
acrylic
wool
cotton
linen
what are fabrics produced from? 3 ways of producing fabrics?
yarns:
weaving
knitting
non-woven
4 types of weave?
satin
plain
twill
pile
describe a plain weave? (2)
one weft yarn passes under and over one warp yarn
simplest
2 examples of fabrics with plain weaves?
calico
poplin
describe a twill weave? (2)
weft yarn passes over 2-4 warp yarns
fabric has distintive diagonal pattern
example of fabric with twill weave?
denim
describe a satin weave? (2)
weft yarn passes over 2-7 warp yarns
gives smooth and shiny fabrics
example of fabric with satin weave?
damask
describe a pile weave? (2) + examples
inserting extra warp threads into a plain weave.
the loops can be cut (velvet) or left uncut (terry towel)
name 2 types of knitting?
weft knitting
warp knitting
describe weft knitting?
single yarn is used that goes backwards and forwards across the fabric
2 disadvantages of weft knitting?
may unravel
can ladder
example of weft knitting?
jersey
describe warp knitting?
loops are linked together from side to side by a machine
2 advantages of warp knitting?
cheaper to produce
faster than weft knitting
2 examples of non-woven fabric construction?
bonding
felting
describe bonding? (2)
fibres are held together by:
applying glue, or
applying heat which melts the fibres together
describe felting?
a barbed needle is dragged in and out of a fibre mesh
each stroke tangles the fibres together to form a fabric
what makes non-woven fabrics different from woven and knitted fabrics?
made directly from the fibre, not from a yarn
what is a blend? what does it do?
combing two or more fibres together
changes the properties of a fabric
2 benefits of blending fibres?
makes the production of the fibre cheaper
adds desirable qualities to a fibre
what is a fabric finish?
something added to the surface of a fibre, fabric or product to change it in some way or make it more suited for its intended use
4 types of fabric finishes?
dry (physical/mechanical)
wet (chemical)
biological
name 3 dry finishes?
shrink resistance
brushing
calendering/embossing
what is shrink resistance? (2)
dry finishing
fabrics are shrunk before product is made so will not shrink when in use
effect of brushing? why?
make a product feel warming
due to increased surface area
what is calendaring? embossing?
calendaring = fabrics passed between heated rollers which gave a smooth finish to fabric
embossing = if heated rollers are engraved
what is a smart material?
a material able to react to external stimulus
3 examples of smart materials
change colour with heat or light
release smell
change shape or properties
4 technical/modern materials?
gore-tex
kevlar
reflective textiles
fabrics with electronics
4 advantages of kevlar? 2 uses?
5x stronger than steel
lightweight
flame resistant
chemical resistant
use:
-bullet proof vests
-car tyres
how do reflective textiles work? why are they modern materials not smart materials?
minute glass beads are embedded into fabrics so they can reflect
they do not change in any way, only reflect, so are not smart fabrics
what type of fabrics are breathable fabrics? why?
smart fabrics
they react to temperature
how do breathable fabrics work? name of process?
wicking
-when the temperature rises the fibre expands, allowing air in and moisture out
-when the temperature falls the fibres close, so the body stays warm
how are breathable fabrics produced? e.g.?
use of a micro-porous membrane
gore-tex
how does gore-tex work?
holes are tiny enough to allow body moisture to evaporate, but too small to allow rain molecules through the fabrics
what type of fabric is Speedo Fast-skin? (2)
smart fabric
biomimetics
what is meant by biomimetic fabrics? e.g.?
imitate a living bio-system
eg. Speedo Fast-skin
how does Speedo Fast-skin work?
applies pressure to muscle groups, to help the wearer save energy and give a maximum performance
3 points for quality of design
if it meets original specification
if it fits the intend ended purpose
if the cost is appropriate for the costumer
what is quality assurance?
the 'planning in' of quality into a product from the design to selling stage
2 reasons quality assurance if important?
maintain a good reputation
faulty goods will be returned = incur costs for repairs and replacements
what is quality control?
the tests and checks that are made at critical points in manufacturing to monitor products and ensure they meet standards for a safe, well made product
what is the tolerance level?
a margin of inaccuracy that is allowed when conduction quality control checks
3 examples of quality control checks?
checking measurements
checking for fabric flaws
checking the positioning of something
what does the kite mark signify? + what does it look like?
signify if products meet British standards
3 types of production? (scale)
mass
batch
one-off
what is mass production? what may be used?
producing large numbers of identical items
involves production lines with workers skilled in one area
2 advantages of mass production?
bulk materials = cheap
often use fully automated machines and workers with limited skills
what is batch production? system used?
production of a specific number of products

production lines with workers often working in teams focusing on one specialist role, but able to do others if necessary
3 advantages of batch production
flexible = can change to meet market demands
job less repetitive = encourages workers
batch/bulk = cheap
what is one-off production? system used?
one or a small number of unique items
usually made by an individual or specialist team whom are highly skilled
2 advantages of one-off products?
high quality products with attention to detail
customer gets unique product
what does the sale of production depend on? (3)
what products being made
how many being made
number and type of processes involved in production
what is globalisation?
company being able to work on an international scale
disadvantages of globalisation? (3)
*some countries don't have minimum wage = cheap labour exploited
*reducing number of jobs in home countries
*some countries don't have environmental controls = high levels of pollution
surface decoration techniques (7)
free embroidery
felting
cam embroidery
laser cutting
transfer printing
hand embroidery/embellishments
angelina fibres
4 ways ICT can be used for research?
internet = sourcing materials and components
email = instant communication = easy decisions
social media = rais companies profile
market research
what is CAD? 3 examples?
Computer aided design:
-drawing and design
-3D modelling
-pattern making
what is CAM? 3 examples?
computer aided manufacture:
-fabric cutting machines
-embroidery machines
-knitting machines
5 advantages of using computers?
cheaper
precise
quicker
can be sent abroad
safer
uses of ICT in textiles
research
CAD
CAM
data management = keep t of resources + costs
databases
spreadsheets
advantages of ICT in textiles (4)
-time + labour costs reduced = production increased
-greater consistency + accuracy
-no need for human = cheaper
complex predictions quickly
-able to communicate + research globally
3 disadvantage of ICT in textiles?
set up costs are high
loss of skills and jobs
encourages globalisation = all negative effects of that
3 health and safety for customers?
toys + nightwear cannot be flammable
fastenings must not look like food
no use of hazardous substances
6 efforts to reduce potential hazards in the workplace?
machine guards to prevent injuries
workers given sufficient rest breaks
appropriate disposal of waste
ventilation to avoid build up of dust or fumes
fire exists unblocked and unlocked
good layout of building and rooms
difference between quality control and quality assurance?
quality assurance = planning of quality control
quality control = actual checks
difference between design specification and manufacturing specification?
design specification = set criteria for product, including design
manufacturing specification = flat drawings, fabric samples, list of components, manufacturing instructions, measurements
formation of a patch pocket?
1. create pattern for pocket to correct size and shape
2. add on seam and top hem allowance
3. pin in place on fabric and cut out
4. fold over top hem twice and stitch
5. cut notches on the curve edge to help create shape and press
6. pin pocket in place on product/garment and stitch around edges
7. make sure corners are secure with further stitching
6 fabrics for india design?
organza
cotton poplins
lightweight linen
silks
cotton velvet
satin
5 styles for india design?
boarders
fringe
colourful
lots of techniques
fairtrade
8 desgin/decorative techniques for india design?
printing
mirrors (shisha embroidery)
bells
embroidery
gem stones
hanging coins
tie dye
elephants
3 types of communications in fashion?
mood board
trend board
presentation board
what does a mood board show?
theme
conveys idea of:
-colour
-patterns
-shapes
-texture
in order to inspire the designer
aim of a mood board?
to inspire the designer
job of a trend board?
to convey future fashion trends, NOT current trends
use of presentation board?
show final idea
present to potential client/customer
use flat drawings and body drawings
4 deatails on a flat drawing?
seams
top stitching
length/width measurements
any info needed for it to be produced
examples of e-textiles? (5)
gps
sound
light
heat
smart materials
role of e-textiles?
novelty
functionality
5 types of seam?
open
french
piped
chorded
channel
how to sew an open seam?
1. cut out pieces
2. right sides together
3. mark on seam allowance
4. sew
5. over lock
6.press open
way is washing at low temperatures encouraged? (3)
does the same job as at higher temperatures
too high temp can alter the properties
cheaper (less energy)
what fabric can recycled materials be made into? how?
polyester fleece fabric:
1. plastic bottles are broken down into small pieces
2. small pieces are melted into near liquid form
3. passed through a spinneret which turns into fibres
4. made into a yarn
name of the grain at the edge of fabric to stop fraying?
selvage
describe the weft?
weft is at a 90* angle to the selvage
describe the warp?
warp is parallel to the selvage, and perpendicular to the weft
what is the bias?
bias runs 45* from the selvage (diagonally)
3 uses of bias + why?
fabric drapes better
collars cut on bias
stretches (as less structured)
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