Ch. 31 Quiz (FINAL)

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e
Damage to the _______ interferes with complex motor learning.
a. caudate and putamen
b. substantia nigra
c. prefrontal cortex
d. cerebellum
e. All of the above
c
Priming
a. refers to the enhancement of memory recall by the deliberate rehearsal of earlier events in the day.
b. refers to a memory store that is infallible because it involves no conscious decision making.
c. includes the propensity to choose words from a word-list despite having no recollection of having recently encountered those words.
d. refers to enhanced digit-memory recall after performing general memory exercises.
e. is very susceptible to disruption via injury or aging.
c
Visual priming, whereby previously studied visual information influences subsequent performance, requires intact functioning in which brain structure?
a. Hippocampus
b. Amygdala
c. Visual association cortex
d. Dorsal thalamus
e. Temporal association cortex
a
Which of the following statements about forgetting as a mental process is false?
a. Though all information is permanently stored in the brain, some details cannot be accessed.
b. Forgetting, to some degree, is a normal mental process.
c. Forgetting occurs if memories are unused or allowed to deteriorate over time.
d. A person forgets information that he or she finds meaningless or unimportant.
e. Forgetting may be pathological in cases of neurological injury.
e
For which of the following tasks might an individual improve his or her memory performance by constructing mental associations?
a. Reciting back strings of numbers of increasing length
b. Remembering a complex route to a destination
c. Remembering the names of all the people in a large group
d. Perfecting a pitch in baseball
e. a, b, and c
e
Which of the following evidence suggests that the cerebral cortex is the brain substrate for long-term storage of declarative memory?
a. Bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can, to some extent, cause anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
b. Damage to association cortex can cause loss of memory that is dependent upon the functioning of that cortical region.
c. In functional neuroimaging studies, subjects who are asked to study and then recall certain information or stimuli show activation and then reactivation of the same cortical regions.
d. Individuals with damage to frontal dorsolateral regions cannot recall details accurately.
e. All of the above
b
The loss of memories that had been stored before an injury or the onset of an illness is called
a. anterograde amnesia.
b. retrograde amnesia.
c. semantic amnesia.
d. Korsakoff's syndrome.
e. declarative amnesia.
e
Which of the following are histopathological features of Alzheimer's disease?
a. Diffuse loss of neurons
b. Lewy bodies
c. Spongiform encephalopathy
d. Neurofibrillary tangles
e. Both a and d
d
Nondeclarative memory includes
a. the conscious retrieval of information.
b. the learning of motor skills.
c. priming effects.
d. Both b and c
e. None of the above
a
In the process of normal aging,
a. the weight of the brain decreases.
b. the number of neurons decreases dramatically.
c. the number of synapses increases.
d. there is no evidence of shrinkage of the brain.
e. Both a and b
aMemory that is "passed down" through natural selection within a species (i.e., instinctual behavior) is called ___________ memory. a. phylogenetic b. very long-term c. natural selection d. evolutionary e. None of the above; there is no evidence for this type of memory.dWhich of the following is not an aspect of long-term memory? a. Long-term changes in synaptic connectivity b. Consolidation of information c. Storage of information for years or decades d. The utilization of sensory-modality specific "memory registers" e. The storage of items of particular significancedAlzheimer's disease a. is a type of dementia. b. is marked initially by problems with memory and attention. c. has no genetic basis in those who experience the early onset form. d. Both a and b e. Both a and cdWhich of the following brain regions is not thought to be involved in declarative memory? a. Hippocampus b. Hippocampal gyrus c. Superior temporal lobe d. Basal ganglia e. Association cortexbWhich of the following is the correct definition of working memory? a. Holding information in mind for less than a second b. Holding and mentally manipulating information in some way c. Holding information for several days d. Using engrams to retain information e. Both a and bbWhich of the following is not an example of declarative memory? a. Remembering what you had for dinner b. Remembering how to ride a bike c. Remembering that a wrench is a tool d. Remembering your friend's phone number e. Remembering the scene of an accidentdThe pathology in Alzheimer's disease is thought to involve a. abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). b. mutations in presenilin 1 and 2. c. homozygosity for the e4 form of ApoE. d. All of the above e. None of the abovedWhich of the following strategies may help older adults improve their memory? a. Trying to remember someone's name by means of mental associations b. Learning new information (e.g., taking a college extension course) c. Learning a new skill (e.g., taking tennis lessons) d. All of the above e. None of the aboveb (pp. 703-705)Which of the following statements about the clinical case of H.M. is false? a. It showed that bilateral medial temporal structures are important in the formation of declarative memories. b. H.M.'s intellectual functions, as measured by intelligence tests, sharply declined after his surgery. c. H.M.'s nondeclarative memory was intact. d. H.M. was unable to remember clinicians who worked with him for many years. e. H.M. had a profound loss of declarative memory functions.cResearch on spatial learning in rats trained on the Morris water maze task revealed which of the following? a. Some strains of rats are able to swim directly to a submerged platform without training. b. After training, rats remember the location of a submerged platform for just a few days. c. Healthy rats are able to make associations between visual cues outside the water tank and the location of a submerged resting platform. d. The principal effect of hippocampal lesions is that rats require many more trials to learn the location of a submerged platform. e. All of the above