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religion corgan final

Terms in this set (68)

St. Paul
_______was proud of being a Pharisee. ________ was a member of the sanhedrin and sought permission to root out believers in Jesus as the MessiahJesus' appearance to _______ on his way to Damascus in 35 AD. Barnabas recruits _______ to help with the community in Antioch
Ignatius of Antioch
First bishop
Irenaeus
Affirmed the holy spirit was the agent of inspiration in the scriptures. Tells us of the use of the trinitarian formula the rule of faith as expressed in the baptismal liturgy. Insisted on the universality or oneness or the catholic faith Tells us of the three fold orders of bishops priest and deacons together in italy. Taught by Polycarp .Wrote "Adversus Haereses" (against Heresies) 130-202 AD
Justin Martyr
Wrote an apology explaining christian beliefs to Jews. His first Apology was written in order to persuade Emperor Antoninus that the Empire had nothing to fear from Christians, that lies had been spread around concerning Christian beliefs and practices.
*apology
an argument in explanation of a belief system or philosophy
Marcion
Heretic who denied that a good God could have created the material world. He held that the God of the Old Testament could not be the father of Jesus, but was inferior to Jesus because he was vengeful and cruel. Claimed OT want worthy Christian belief
Tertullian
"the father of Latin Christianity" and "the founder of Western theology." And he was the first Christian author to produce an extensive corpus of Latin Christian literature
Constantine and Licinius
The co-emperors who made christianity legal in 313 AD because of the Edict of Milan
Novatian
was a scholar, priest, theologian and antipope
Consecrated as pope by three bishops in 251, he adopted a more rigorous position than the established Pope Cornelius.
Novatian was shortly afterwards excommunicated
Anthony of the Desert
A hermit who is considered to be the first Christian monk and father of monasticism.
Pachomius
Follower of Anthony the Great and he organized the first monasteries
Athanasius
Arius and Athanasius had different religious views that were confirmed and ended disputes. The outcome was that both Arianism and Christianity lived on in the Empire without threatening each other. They both worked on the council of Nicea to preserve the unity of the Church and peace in the empire because of Arianism
Cyril of Alexandria
Defended that Mary is the Mother of God. Taught Jesus is one divine person, the Second Person of the Trinity.
Leo the Great
Asserted the Primacy of Peter over Other Patriarchs
Leo based his claim on Jesus' saying that upon the "Rock" of Peter Jesus would build his church.
Peter is the "deputy (vicar) of Jesus and the pope is the vicar of Peter
The Patriarch of Alexandria asserted the antiquity of his Patriarchate and the fact that the Patriarchate of Rome, Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Antioch had been equal
Leo insisted that Alexandria should follow Rome in liturgical practice
Pope ZoSimus had recognIzed the Patriarchate of Gaul as a subordinate Patriarchate in the West. Beginning with Leo, popes began to insist on complete authority over the bishops in the West
Gregory the Great
This pope was the first to assume the title "Servant of the Servants of God," and helped to stabilize the Church throughout Europe
Ambrose of Milan
Respected philosopher and citizen of the city. Became a bishop right after his initiation into the Church. Opposed Arianism in Milan and throughout Italy. Teacher of Augustine
St. Augustine
Prolific writer of theological texts. Most known for: The Confessions, De trinitate, and The City of God. the most important theologian in the West up until the Reformation
St. Monica
Monica, mainly because of her unhappy marriage, lived a Christian life of prayer and almsgiving. She had three children, all of which became Christian. She prayed often for her eldest son to convert to Christianity. Monica eventually followed him to Milan where she prayed with bishop St. Ambrose. After seventeen years of relentless praying, her eldest son finally converted to Christianity.
St. Patrick
Traveled through Ireland and converted most of the local Cetlic kings while establishing monasteries to continue the work of evangelization and education. People were attracted to Christanity and converted, then spread the faith because of St. Patrick.
St. Benedict of Nursia
The patron saint of Europe who founded the most influential form of monasticism.
St. Scholastica
Sister of Benedict of Nurisa and she built many self sustaining monasteries that were influential
St. Brigid of Ireland
Established several convents in the fifth century, including a double monastery in Kildare, Ireland for both men and women.
St. Columban
Great missionary, came out of Ireland. Helped to spread the faith around Scotland, Switerzland, Germany, and northern France.
Charles Martel
Nicknamed "the hammer," he stopped the Muslims at the Battle of Tours
Charlemagne
I was the first king of the Holy Roman Empire and was crowned on Christmas Day 800 AD in Rome by Pope Leo III. My empire becomes the most power in the West since the ancient Roman Empire
Augustine of Canterbury
Augustine of ___ helped to convert the Anglo Saxons in Britain along with the Benedictines
Pelagius
Monk from Britain and went to Rome. .He preached in Rome about being a good person. He preaches in North Africa as well.
Boniface
Pope who was kidnapped by Thomas Aquinas
St. Thomas Aquinas
The French King who kidnapped Pope Boniface VIII when he declared that kings must obey popes
St. Francis of Assisi
founded the Franciscan order (Order of Friar Minors). They took the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience and lived simply among the people
John Hus
His teachings had a strong influence on the states of Western Europe, he was burnt at the stake for heresy against the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church.
Gregory VII
wrote the Dictates of the Pope. The rights of the Pope in relationship to secular rulers. Claimed absolute spiritual and temporal power
Luther
a German professor who was huge part of the Protestant Reformation. He came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church with his 95 Theses
Calvin
A Frenchman who wrote the most important theoretical work of the Reformation, Institutes of the Christian Religion Developed Calvinism
Henry VIII
he accepted Christianity and wanted to make himself the head of the Church in England. He issued the Six Articles which imposed penalties on people who denied the Eucharist, confession, and clerical celibacy.
Savonarola
a Dominican monk, attempted moral reform of citizens of Florence but his overbearing personality turned him into an intolerable dictator and imprudent critic of the Pope. Supporters ended up burning him at the stake in 1498.
Teresa of Avila
a reformer of the Carmelites. She set up convents throughout Spain. Wrote Interior Castle which is about the various steps involved in contemplative prayer.
Bridget of Sweden
Plead for the Pope to return to Rome along with Catherine of Siena. She didn't live long enough to see her dream of the Pope residing in Rome realized.
Catherine of Siena
member of the Third Order of St. Dominic. She devoted herself to performing many charitable activities. She respected the papacy, and visited the pope and told him to go back to Rome, which Gregory XI did.
John Carroll
Elected by American Priests as first bishop of Baltimore in 1789. Founded Georgetown in 1789. Persuaded Mother Seton to begin parochial school in Emmitsburg. Founded Mount St. Joseph's as a seminary in Emmitsburg. Founded St. Mary's seminary in Baltimore
Pius IX
Fled city of Rome in 1848 during the French Revolution and papacy lost all secular rule in Italy with exception of Vatican City. Longest reigning Pope in history with 32 years. He was a Pope of tremendous personal magnetism and strong beliefs came to power at Peter's throne. He convoked the Vatican Council in 1869. Wrote Syllabus of Errors and stated the Catholic position on the liberal principles circulating in his day. Condemned rationalism, socialism, liberal capitalism, pantheism, materialism, defense of divorce, attacks on traditional family, and accommodation to the modern world.
Pius X
. Encouraged more frequent communion. Children could receive communion at the "age of reason". Reformed canon law. Promoted "Catholic Action," social justice and defense of the Church amongst Catholic Italy. Modernist movement: certain theologians were strongly influenced by liberal protestant theology as a way of defending christian belief. Treating the bible as only a historical text, not inspired, was condemned.
Benedict XV
Condemned war. Advocated for humanitarian prisoner exchanges. Arranged for chaplains to troops.. Advocated peace proposals. Papacy becomes an intermediary between nations. Benedict's proposals for the reconciliation and rebuilding of Europe are adopted by President Wilson in his fourteen points. After decades of opposition to democracy, Benedict XV encouraged Catholics to get involved in politics and to form political parties so as to influence the direction of the country and its policies.
Pius XI
Initially supported Mussolini because of Fascist resistance to Communism. Mussolini's plan was to eventually eliminate the Church from Italy, but the Church was strong among the peasants. Lateran Concordat (1929): church received compensation for Italian state's appropriation of Papal states .Vatican City recognized as a sovereign state .Freedom of Italians to participate in "Catholic Action."
Mother Elizabeth Ann Seton
First native-born American to be canonized a saint. Was widowed and converted to Catholicism. Founded the American Sisters of Charity. Established many Catholic schools.
Cardinal Gibbons
His skillful executive abilities helped enact important decrees that would set the policy of the American Church for decades. Included the necessity of Catholic schools, the preparation of the Baltimore Catechism, the determination of the 6 holy days of obligation in America, and the establishment of the Catholic University of America.
John XXIII
Called the Second Vatican Council in 1962. Wanted to fix the goal of the Church with modern times, and used vigorous efforts for Christian unity.
Pope Paul VI
Strong advocate for peace and social justice. He visited 5 continents and was the first Pope to visit the Holy Land since St. Peter. He worked diligently for Christian reunion and reached out to non-Christian religions. Called for Peace and Social Justice
Peace of God
a movement, made by the Church, which spared women, clergy, children, and peasants from attack.
Truce of God
more effective movement, it outlawed fighting from Wednesday evening to Monday morning as well as all religious holidays, leaving only 80 days each year for fighting.
Gallicanism
a religious and political theory of the 16th century that asserted the independence of the French Church from the authority of the Pope.
Cuius regio, eius religio
Cuius regio, eius religio is a Latin phrase which literally means "Whose realm, his religion", meaning that the religion of the ruler was to dictate the religion of those ruled.
Ultramontanes
a word meaning "beyond the mountains," it described supporters of the Pope in opposition of the nationalistic position of other French churchmen in the 17th century.
Know Nothings
Anti-Catholic members of the American party. Alarmed at fast growing numbers of Catholics entering US, taking lower paid jobs. Papists would take over the country. "Mackerel Snappers" would dominate society. Americans would have to obey the pope. Degenerate Catholics would mar Amercian moral life
Dei Verbum
promulgated by Pope Paul VI on November 18, 1965, this constitution encourages bible reading, shows the close relationship between Scripture and Tradition and Church's Magisterium, and emphasizes revelation as God's self-disclosure
Nostra Aetate
Nostra aetate is the Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions of the Second Vatican Council
Gaudium et Spes
Pope Paul VI, this document highlights the model of the Church as servant of the world, committed to doing social justice in building God's kingdom
Lumen Gentium
Most important document of Vatican II, updates the Church's self-image by emphasizing the mystery of the Church as a community, People of God, a sacrament of sign of God's presence in the world through Christ's Body, his Church. It reminds believers that everyone in the Church are called to holiness.
The Declaration on Religious Freedom
affirms the dignity of each individual and the freedom of conscience in matters of religious belief and practice, regardless of the faith chosen
Marcionism
Marcionism was an Early Christian dualist belief system that originated in the teachings of Marcion of Sinope at Rome around the year 144. Marcion believed Jesus was the savior sent by God, and Paul the Apostle was his chief apostle, but he rejected the Hebrew Bible and the God of Israel.
Nestorianism
Argued that there were two people in christ
Monophysitism
Alexandrian theologians preached that christ human nature was absorbed into his divine nature "like a drop of honey into the water of the sea"
Arianism
Denied jesus' divinity, and that A human god was not comprehensible
Council of Jerusalem (approximately)
50 AD
Council of Nicea
325 AD
Council of Chalcedon
451 AD
Council of Trent
1545-1563
Vatican I
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