Witham Final Review-- Semester 2

Terms in this set (47)

Describe the significance of Washington Irving's novels.
- Known for short stories: Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
- Created Legends
- Described New York State and City
- Used humor, elements of unreal, and history
- Used ideas from art, music, and folklore
- Wrote about american daily life
- Gave america a sense of identity
List push factors and pull factors in immigration.
Push:
- Overcrowding
- growth of farms pushed tenants off land
- crop failure
- industrial revolution
- religious and political turmoil
Pull:
- religious and political freedom
- greater economic opportunity
- abundant land
Who were Frederick Douglas and Sojourner Truth and why were they important in the abolition movement?
Douglas:
- Born a slave in Baltimore
- Taught to read and write by his masters wife
- Escaped to Massachusetts in 1838
- Began an abolitionist crusade across the North
- Created an abolitionist newspaper called North Star
- Convinced Abraham Lincoln to set ending slavery as a new goal of the civil war
Truth:
- Born Isabella Baumfree as a slave in New York
- Raised speaking Dutch, taught herself to speak English
- Mistreated by 3 owners; forced to marry an older slave
- Changed her name
- Supported abolition and women's voting rights
- Wrote an autobiography
List the biographical points of Susan B. Anthony's life and work.
- Main organizer of the women suffrage movement
- Quaker-educated, taught school for ten years
- Activist for abolition and temperance before meeting Stanton
- Founded International and National councils of women
- President of National american woman suffrage association until she was 80
- Arrested in 1872 for voting illegally
Which women's rights leaders organized the Seneca falls convention and why
Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott tried to get equal rights for women
What was the common theme among many 19th century American artists
They all celebrated the american landscape, birds, and animals
Which class dominated the economy society, and politics in the south
wealthy plantation owners
What group gained power under the Jacksonian Democracy
common people, Jackson believed that all white men should have the wight to vote ensuring majority rule
Who received jobs under the spoils system
Jackson political supporters
Why did president Jackson relocate the Cherokees from Georgia to Indian territory
Wanted to make the land available to white southerners and miners, the Cherokees didn't sign the treaties Jackson made
What was the main goal of the Lewis & Clark Expedition
They were supposed to form good relationships with Indians and to find a water route across the country
Define the term manifest destiny
It was Americans destiny to move from the Atlantic coast to the pacific coast
List key events in the Texas War for Independence
-1829- Texas belonged to Mexico. Most people living there were american
-1833- Texas asked to be a self-governing state within Mexico, Mexico refused and war broke out
-1836-Texas became an independent republic, it was called the lone star republic, it had its own army and navy, Sam Houston was elected president, Texas applied for statehood
Why did mexico object to the entry of texas into the union
Mexico claimed texas as their own
they thought of the annexation of texas as an act of war
List the events of the Mexican-American war & its aftermath on chronological order
-Congress admitted Texas to the union
-however, mexico claimed Texas as their own and saw congress' vote as an act of war
-mexico and the us disagreed about the border between them: the us thought it was the Rio grande, and mexico thought it was the nueces river
-the us offered $25 million for Texas, california, and new mexico
-mexico refused and war broke out on the Rio grande in 1846
-the us won, mexico signed the treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo which gave the us Texas, california, and parts of new mexico
-later the us spent $10 million on the gadsen purchase
Who was an important leader of the underground railroad
Harriet Tubman
What was the main goal of the abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison
They wanted the immediate emancipation of slaves
What is the doctrine of states' rights
- supported by many southerners before the civil war
- said the U.S. Constitution was an agreement among the stats; states could block the actions of the federal government they didn't like; states were free to secede from the union
- John C. Calhoun was the main proponent
List the terms of the Missouri compromise of 1820 & who proposed it
Missouri wanted to be a slave state so Henry Clay thought to admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and from then on no state above the south border of Missouri could be a slave state
Which law repealed the ban on slavery north of Missouri's southern border & what were the terms of the law
Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Proposed by Senator Stephen A. Douglas
- Allowed popular votes in Nebraska and Kansas
to decide if each would be a free or slave state
- Replaced the Missouri compromise of 1820
What is the principle of popular sovereighty
People of a state vote to decide what happens to an issue
What is the aim of Henry Clay's compromise of 1850
He wanted to keep the slave states and free states at equal power
Summarize the supreme court decision in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford
ruled against him, said slaves, and all African Americans, were not citizens, they were property under the 5th ammendment
What was lincoln's position on slavery & douglas' position on slavery in their 1858 debates
Lincoln argued against expanding slavery, but did not want to abolish it
Douglas argued for popular sovereighnty
What was Daniel Websters opinion on the issue of states rights and nullification
Believed states could not nullify federal laws, he was against it
What was John C. Calhoun's position on the issue of states' rights and nullification
He defended it
What was the major characteristic of the southern economy in the mid-1800s
- The warm climate meant that there was a long growing season
- Agriculture was the primary economic activity
- Slaves allowed for owners to not have to pay workers
Why did manufacturing become an important part of the northern economy
the cold climate meant that there was a short growing season, so northerners built factories and workshops instead
What was the doctrine of the nullification based upon
states' rights
What was the point of Lincolns house divided speech
the country would crumble if they kept arguing and dividing
How did the emancipation proclomation reflet the ideas of the declaration of independence
extended the declarations belief that all men have rights the government cannot take away
In his Gettysburg address, what principle did Lincoln say that the country was based upon
all men are equal
In his second inaugural speech, what did Lincoln indicate was his vision for the future of the country after the civil war
He wanted to heal the split in the country
What was the first major goal of president Abe Lincoln's administartion
The south must come back to the union again and he would not abolish slavery
What was the Union's strategy for defeating the south
They blockaded the southern coast and controlled the Mississippi River to cut the confederacy in two
In what way did the north have an advantage over the south at the start of the war
manpower, resources, strong leaders, railroads, firearms
What new military technology led to increased casualties
rifles that shot minieballs
How did warfare change after the civil war
it became more efficient and deadly
What was the main purpose of reconstruction
to readmit confederate states into the union and rebuild southern society
How did congress respond to black codes passed by southern states
they pushed a more extreme, or radical, plan to control the south and help African Americans
What was the role of the freedmans bureau
it established schools and hospitals for African Americans
it distributed clothes, food, and fuel to African Americans
helped African Americans gain economic independence by teaching them skills to find jobs and vote (amendments)
What was the impact of the share cropping system
it kept African Americans in poverty
What was the impact of the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson
All whites & blacks had separate schools, public facilities, and separate entrances to stores and public buildings
What did the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments have in common
They all tried to correct the injustices created by slavery, and they gave African Americans close to equal rights
What was the Main reason behind the federal indian of the late 1800s
they wanted more land to mine on, and for more people to live on
What is the purpose of a trust? Who established the Standard Oil Trust
A trust is a legal body created hold stock in many companies often in the same industry
John D. Rockefeller
What did the American Federation of Labor try to achieve in the late 1800s
Tried to improve working conditions, and increase wages for everyone
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