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Global Studies Final

Terms in this set (158)

A map of the world using various colors to contrast large areas such as Central and South America from Australia and New Zealand from Europe and North America most likely would be indicating
culture areas
What might the leaders of the world's civilizations in 1350 think of today's world?
the bases for modern trade existed in their time
In 1350 the world had
major trading centers in what became known as Africa and the Americas
A common critique of colonialism is that it
imposed Western civilization while disregarding the value of others
Criticisms of imperialism do not include
determination of borders based on local ethnicities
Justifications for imperialism include
the introduction of the modern state
The building of the Suez Canal exemplified how
colonial powers could take advantage of local rulers
During the later historical period European expansion, 1600s to early 1900s,
colonial possessions covered almost all of Africa
The four-part definition of a state includes all of the following except
political transition process
The two decades in Europe after WWI produced
extreme ideologies and economic depression
Generally people obey their government's laws because
they understand their government is legitimate
Armenian Americans' strong sense of identity with their ethnic group provides an example of
nationalism
A list of governments with legitimacy could include all except
Syria
Legitimacy becomes significant when
rebels have set up their own "governments" rivaling the recognizing one
When states negotiate within an IGO framework they engage in
multilateral diplomacy
The international governmental organization the provides loans to member states for specific development projects is known as the
World Bank
The Cold War provides an example of what kind of international system
bipolar
The international system has become more complex in the last two decades due to
increases in the number of IGOs, NGOs, and large-scale international corporations
The Cold War was characterized by
Soviet Union-United States rivalry in all areas of foreign policy--military, economic, and political
Resolutions pass the Security Council by voting that
must include the five permanent members
In leading reconstruction of the post-WWII war, the United States
was reacting to the Depression and Nazi aggression as the causes of the war
Diplomacy has become more complex because of
increasing numbers of IGOs, NGOs, international corporations, and states with widely varying levels of power
Globalization is defined as increases in
all of the above are correct
When people refer to increases in integrated international economic and political decision making, they are acknowledging the existence of expanding
globalization
In the early twenty-first century's age of transition,
states maintain pivotal power amid increasing globalization
The idea that technologically advanced societies are naturally selected to rule the world and less complex societies are inferior is termed
Social Darwinism
Cultures have changed in all of the following except
developing biological races
The concept of "culture" means all of the following except that
humans lack a common heritage, a general human culture
The adaptation of capitalism by formerly communist countries provides an example of
voluntary innovation
External changes include all of the following except
the United States' invention of the airplane
Making culturally based distinctions among people within societies happens
almost always
When people with various cultures clash in their interpretation of events it can be explained by their
different learned behaviors
The designation "ethnic groups" means
cultural groups
When a person's actions earn someone position in society, the term that applies is
achieved status
Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom provides an example of
acribed status
Class refers to
social hierarchies
The Sami in Scandinavia and the San of the Kalahari are both classified as
indigenous groups
Religion as part of cultural holism
reflects a worldview that explains the basic natural and supernatural order and morality of the universe
Which of the following is true
intersex people and those with same-sex preferences exist in all societies
The following statements are all true of social race except
it means the same as biological race
Examples of refugees include which of the following
sudanese escaping the violence in their homeland
United States society tend to be characterized largely by
achieved status
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
emphasized various individual rights such as expression, religion, freedom of movement, and equal pay for equal work
Ethnocentrism occurs when a person
observes dog eating in Vietnam as unexceptional and, as an American, realized it would be considered unacceptable to people he or she knows back home
Some people think the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is ethnocentric for all of the following reasons except
they reject the existence of a general agreement that all people should be able to live healthy and productive lives without unreasonable discrimination
Global primacy
advocates syncretism
In some areas of rural Latin America, merging traditional local gods with Catholic saints provides an example of
syncretism
As used in the Global Perspectives handbook, the term "alternative perspectives" refers to
varying sets of complex value-laden ideas used to interpret events
Inuit people acculturated when they did all of the following except
emphasized family relationships
Several states in the mid-twentieth century took the children of native peoples from their families and put them in boarding schools to lose their own culture and learn the dominant culture's language, religion, customs, and behaviors. Often this is seen by native people today as
ethnocide
The concept of the American "melting pot" relfects
assimilation
As globalization continues to integrate human economic networks around the world, global primacists think that
encouraging further social integration of the world's people presents the only advocation logical course of action
Which of the following characterizations of Social Darwinism can apply to one possible version of global primacy? It
asserts the superiority of Western societies
Apartheid provides an example of
paternalism
As identities, the definitions of "nation" and "state"
generally overlap
Determining a person or group's primary identity is not a straightforward task because
many people have multiple identites
As a general trend in the modern world, ethnic identities in relation to state identities are
relevant
The concept of "human rights"
can be accepted by all three perspectives
A central debate raised by the global-primacy perspective deals with whether or not
one of several contending cultures will dominate by setting standards for all people
The annual per capita GNI of the world's states covers approximately which range?
$250 to $40,000
Capital includes all of the following except
food products
Productivity refers to the
output of goods and services in relation to the number of work hours needed to produce them
About what percentage of the world's population lives in structural poverty
45
Characteristics of low-income states include all of the following except
low population growth rates
Of the following, which is not a developing country?
Singapore
Which of the following states have completed the demographic transition
Hungary
All of the following characteristics but one illustrate that the United States is a developed country; it has
substantial primary commodity exports
Differences between industrial-based economies and agricultural-based economies include all of the following except
the former have lower literacy rates than the latter
The following information directly reflects Namibia's dual economy
the business and governing elite speak English as the official language, while the great majority of the population speaks one or more of the indigenous languages
The cycle of underdevelopment helps explain why low-income states
all of the above are correct
Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of development states today
the gap between rich and poor continues to widen
Developing countries attribute at least some of their problems to the fact that they suffered colonial rule because it made them producers of
primary commodities
Drawbacks of bilateral foreign aid include all of the following except
that since funded projects are designed by local people, they often need more aid later on
Choose the outside intervention in a developing country's economy that has few to no negative consequences
none of the above has little-to-no negative consquences
Most often the leaders of low-income states explain their country's persistent lack of development as due to all of the following factors except
corruption
Social cohesion has been made difficult in developing states because
of the fact that colonial borders ignored the location of local ethnic groups
Good government and anti-corruption agendas have become commonplace among UN aid agencies because, according to a World Bank document
"corruption hurts the poor; it diverts public services"
People living a subsistence agricultural lifestyle in low-income states have
needed to give birth to many children
In the process of economic development, political and social factors
contribute to its complexity
Those with a liberal economic perspective advocate which of the following as a development strategy
economic growth through trade
Economic of scale means that the per-unit cost of a product
decreases with increased production of the product
Protectionism is actively opposed by which perspective(s)
liberal economics
The fact that much of the funding for U.S. railroads in the 19th century came from Great Britain illustrates which perspective(s)
dependency
Which of the following provides an example of comparative advantage
all of the above are correct
The concept of economies of scale related to product specialization because
increased exports of the same product cost efficiencies
One of the New International Economic Order proposals would
do all of the above
The IMF policy of conditionality requires
both borrowers and loaners to negotiate loan agreements
Neoimperialism
includes all of the above
The New International Economic Order consisted of
resolutions passed by the General Assembly to provide more equity in the international economic system
The Union of Banana Exporting Countries' experience illustrated the
power of developing states when they form international organizations
Neoimperialism appeals to people in developing states because it explains their development difficulties by
all of the above are correct
In establishing requirements on IMF loans, conditionality
reflects free trade and other liberal economic principles
Those with a participatory-development perspective differ from those with liberal economics and dependence perspectives in that the former advocate
appropriate technology
Mistaken governmental policies provide a major explanation for why many development projects prove unsuccessful according to which perspective(s)
liberal economics
Participatory-development and dependency advocated agree that
economic growth strategies do not help local people
Capital intensive, economic-growth development strategies would seem to favor
dams for electricity production over locally dug irrigation ditches
Debating whether the focus of development should improve the quality of life of local people or build large-scale productive capacity
continues due to the complexity of the development process itself
All of the following are part of an ecosystem except
all are parts of the ecosystem
The case of Thomas Austin and his rabbits shows
even modern solutions can cause more problems
Which of the following categories is not included in a list of prominent greenhouse hases
neon
According to the 2009 report of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, which country is the largest polluter of fossil fuels
china
The holes that have begun to form in the part of the atmosphere that protects life on Earth from destructive ultraviolet rays are due to
decreased ozone due to emissions of chlorofluorocarbons
The human carrying capacity of an area
changes when culture and technology change
The "Tragedy of the Commons" occurs because
people tend to overuse a commons
Which of the following is a commons
a city park
The air that encompasses the world is called the 'ultimate common' because
it is not owned by anyone but is used, and abused, by all
Carbon dioxide is
entering the atmosphere at an increased rate because of industrialization
Fears about the effects of global warming include
all of these are correct
Most proposed solutions to global warming lie in the realm of prevention because
the harm that has occurred cannot be easily fixed, and focus must be on stopping more damage
The UN Millennium Ecosystems Assessment in 2005 concluded that what percentage of the Earth's land surface consists of drylands that are expected to grow in area
41
Deforestation is the least concern for scientists studying
ozone depletion
Different societies have claimed the right to hunt whales outside of general IWC restrictions. Which of the following is incorrect
no indigenous group has been granted whaling rights based on traditional use
Which of the following diseases has been eradicated though modern medicine
smallpox
Malnutrition
can be cured with a simple increase in calories
Referencing malaria, the CDC estimates that
between 350 and 500 million people get the disease every year
Rates of sickle-cell disease and malaria are related because
sickle-cell traits offer an immunity to malaria
Those with a high-technology perspective assert that
there is money to be made cleaning the enviroment
Those with an appropriate-development perspective do not advocate
the use of most modern and complex technology available
Those with a high-technology perspective approve of free-market enterprises and thus support all but which of the following
EPA rules that lead to cleaner water
Those with a shared-technology perspective disagree with which of the following
free enterprises should be allowed to develop ways to clean the environment
Which of the following is least likely to be advocated by those with a shared-technology perspective
local problems should be dealt with locally
Those with an appropriate-technology perspective
see neocolonialism as an issue in understanding environmental issues
Those with a shared-technology perspective disagree with advocates of the other perspectives in which of the following ways? They
none of the above is correct
Businesses that contract with indigenous peoples to use their inventions in products recognize the value of
intellectual-property rights
Those with a high-technology perspective believe which of the following
human creativity can solve any problem
Humanitarian intevention requires
UN personnel administering the government of the threatened state.
States that can extend their power out of their region to another part of the world are called
great powers
Which war was an example of collective security
the Korean War
All of the following are sovereign states except
Palestine
International anarchy means that governments
insist on their sovereign right to make their own decisions
Fear and mistrust can flourish in an anarchic situation
all of the above are correct
Which statement best summarizes today's international system
Sovereignty and strengthened international institutions uneasily coexist
In 1903 President Theodore Roosevelt sent a U.S. warship to prevent the Colombian government from using military forces to end Panama's attempt to set itself up as a separate state. This provides an example of
a show of force
The European Union
all of the above are correct
"Just War"
attempts to limit state violence while at war.
The definition of genocide includes
acts intended to destroy all or part of an ethnic group.
Propaganda
is used by state leaders to affect opinion
Negotiations between officials of states can be referred to as
diplomacy
Politics may be considered as
the opposite of using force
The development of international law indicted that
states often follow commonly accepted rules of behavior
Status-quo states include
all of the above are correct
Iran is considered a revisionist state by others because it
supports radical groups such as Hezbollah and Hamas.
Both terrorism and guerrilla war pose problems for conventional military forces because their combatants
hide among the population and use hit-and-run tactics
When making foreign-policy decisions, state leaders take into account their state's interests because
they are distinct from those of any other state
Revisionist states upset a balance of power by definition because they
add to their power, thus implying a threat to other states
The core ideas of both the state-sovereignty and ethnic-autonomy perspectives include
achieving peace as an ultimate goal
Theoretically, functional interdependence will lead to more orderly and peaceful state interactions because
economic integration will require increasing social and political cooperation
Cultural rights are
included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The euro provides evidence that
functional interdependence has had success over time
During the Cold War the superpowers adopted a policy called mutually assured destruction (MAD). It illustrated the concept of
deterrence
Developing a strengthened world order will depend heavily on
evolving a common global consensus on governance
The European Union illustrated the concept of
functional interdependence
What world region offers the possibility that a stable, ongoing peace may exist
Western Europe
When patriotism (state nationalism) and ethnic nationalism clash, it could
all of the above are correct
The concept of deterrence assumes
all of the above
Building an effective one-world order assumes
the institutions that will make and enforce international law will be pluralist.
Why is a security dilemma paradoxical
building up military power can result in less power as other states respond by building up theirs
Globalization means that maintaining a balance of power requires
states to deal with more conflicts since they are increasingly interconnected
Sets with similar terms