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Muscles of the Lower Limb

Terms in this set (79)

Extensor Digitorum Brevis
O: Dorsal surface of calcaneus
I: Tendons of extensor digitorum longus
A: Extend lateral toes (2-4)
N: Deep peroneal nerve
Extensor hallucis brevis
O: Dorsal surface of calcaneus
I: Base of proximal phalanx of great toe
A: Extend great toe
N: Deep peroneal nerve
Abductor hallucis
O: Medial calcaneus
I: Base of proximal phalanx of great toe (1)
A: Abduct great toe
N: Medial plantar nerve
Flexor digitorum brevis
O: Calcaneus
I: Middle phalanges of lateral four toes
A: Flex middle phalanges of lateral four toes
N: Medial plantar nerve
Abductor digiti minimi
O: Lateral calcaneus
I: Proximal phalanx of little toe
A: Abduct little toe
N: Lateral plantar nerve
Quadratus plantae
O: Calcaneus
I: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
A: Aids in flexing lateral toes
N: Lateral plantar nerve
Lumbricals (4)
O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Proximal phalanges; extensor expansion
A: Flex MP and extend IP joints of lateral toes
N: 1st by medial plantar nerve; lateral 3 by lateral plantar nerve
Flexor hallucis brevis
O: Tarsal bones
I: Proximal phalanx of great toe
A: Flex great toe
N: Medial plantar nerve
Oblique head of adductor hallucis
O: Bases of metatarsals 2-4
I: Proximal phalanx of great toe
A: Adduct great toe
N: Lateral plantar nerve
Transverse head of adductor hallucis
O: Capsule of lateral four MP joints
I: Proximal phalanx of great toe
A: Adduct great toe
N: Lateral plantar nerve
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
O: Metatarsal 5
I: Proximal phalanx of little toe
A: Flex little toe
N: Lateral plantar nerve
Plantar interossei (3)
O: Medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
I: Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges 3-5
A: Adduct lateral toes
N: Lateral plantar nerve
Dorsal interossei (4)
O: Adjacent shafts of metatarsals
I: Proximal phalanx of 2nd toe (M & L sides), 3rd & 4th toes (L side)
A: Abduct lateral toes (2-4)
N: Lateral plantar nerve
Muscles of the dorsal later of the foot
Extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis
Muscles of the 1st layer of the foot
Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, Abductor digiti minimi
Muscles of the 2nd layer of the foot (includes tendon of FDL)
Quadratus plantae, lumbricals (4)
Muscles of the 3rd layer of the foot
Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis (oblique and transverse heads), flexor digiti minimi brevis
Muscles of the 4th layer of the foot
Plantar interossei (3), dorsal interossei (4)
Deep posterior crural muscles
Popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
Superficial posterior crural muscles
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
Lateral crural muscles
Fibularis (peroneus) longus, fibularis (peroneus) brevis
Anterior crural muscles
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis (peroneus) tertius
Posterior femoral muscles
Biceps femoris (long & short heads), semitendinosus, semimembranosus
Medial femoral muscles
Gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus
Anterior femoral muscles
Sartorius, quadriceps femoris ( rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)
Muscles of the anterior hip (iliac region)
Psoas major, psoas minor, illiacus
Deep lateral rotator muscles
Piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, obturator externus
Posterior gluteal muscles
Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
Popliteus
O: Lateral condyle of femur
I: posterior tibia above soleal line
A: Flex leg, rotate tibia medially
N: Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus
O: Lower 2/3 of fibula, interosseus membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of hallux
A: Flex hallux, plantar flex foot
N: Tibial nerve
Flexor digitorum longus
O: Posterior tibia
I: Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5
A: Flex digits 2-5; plantar flex foot
N: Tibial nerve
Tibialis posterior
O: Posterior interosseous membrane; tibia and fibula
I: Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid; metatarsals 2-4
A: Plantar flex and invert foot
N: Tibial nerve
Gastrocnemius
O: Medial and lateral condyles of femur
I: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: Flex knee, plantar flex foot
N: Tibial nerve
Soleus
O: Upper fibula; soleal line and middle 1/3 of tibia
I: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: Plantar flex foot
N: Tibial nerve
Plantaris
O: Posterior femur above lateral condyle
I: Posterior calcaneus
A: Flex knee; plantar flex foot
N: Tibial nerve
Fibularis (peroneus) longus
O: Head and upper 2/3 of lateral fibula
I: Base of 1st metatarsal; 1st cuneiform
A: plantar flex and evert foot
N: Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
O: Lower 2/3 of lateral fibula
I: Base of 5th metatarsal
A: Plantar flex and evert foot
N: Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
Tibialis anterior
O: Lateral condyle and upper tibia; interosseous membrane
I: Medial surface of 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
A: Dorsiflex and invert foot
N: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Extensor digitorum longus
O: Lateral condyle of tibia; upper 3/4 anterior fibula; interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal surface, middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: Extend digits 2-5; dorsiflex foot
N: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Extensor hallucis longus
O: Anterior middle fibula; interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal surface, base of distal phalanx of hallux
A: Extend hallux; dorsiflex foot
N: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
O: Lower 1/3 of medial fibula; interosseous membrane
I: Base of fifth metatarsal
A: Dorsiflex and evert foot
N: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Biceps femoris
O: Ischial tuberosity (long head) and linea aspera (short head)
I: Head of fibula; lateral condyle of tibia
A: Flex knee; long head also extends hip
N: Tibial nerve (long head); common fibular (peroneal) nerve (short head)
Semitendinosus
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Upper part of medial fibula
A: Flex knee; extend hip
N: Tibial nerve
Semimembranosus
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia
A: Flex knee and extend hip
N: Tibial nerve
Gracilis
O: Medial surface of body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: Upper medial surface of tibia
A: Flex knee; adduct hip
N: Obturator nerve
Pectineus
O: Pectin of pubis
I: Upper posterior femur
A: Adduct and flex hip
N: Femoral and some obturator nerves
Adductor longus
O: Between crest and symphysis of pubis
I: Linea aspera
A: Adduct and flex hip; some lateral rotation
N: Obturator nerve
Adductor brevis
O: Inferior ramus of the pubis
I: Superior posterior femur
A: Adduct hip; some lateral rotation
N: Obturator nerve
Adductor magnus
O: Rami of pubis and ischium
I: Linea aspera; adductor tubercle
A: Adduct hip; lateral and possibly medial rotation
N: Obturator and some tibial nerves
Sartorius
O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Superior medial surface of tibia
A: Flex knee and hip
N: Femoral nerve
Rectus femoris
O: Anferior inferior iliac spine, superior margin of acetabulum
I: Tibial tuberosity by way of patella and patellar ligament
A: Extend knee; flex hip
N: Femoral nerve
Vastus lateralis
O: Lateral lip of linea aspera; lower part of greater trochanter
I: Tibial tuberosity by way of patella and patellar ligament
A: Extend knee
N: Femoral nerve
Vastus medialis
O: Medial lip of linea aspera; intertrochanteric line
I: Tibial tuberosity by way of patella and patellar ligament
A: Extend knee
N: Femoral nerve
Vastus intermedius
O: Anterior shaft of upper femur
I: Tibial tuberosity by way of patella and patellar ligament
A: Extend knee
N: Femoral nerve
Psoas major
O: Transverse processes and bodies of all lumbar vertebrae
I: Lesser trochanter
A: Flex hip
N: L1-L3 nerves
Psoas minor
O: Bodies of T12 and L1
I: Iliopubic eminence
A: Flex pelvis or lumbar spine
N: L1 nerve
Iliacus
O: Iliac fossa
I: Lesser trochanter
A: Flex hip
N: Femoral nerve
Piriformis
O: Anterior sacrum
I: Greater trochanter
A: Lateral rotation of hip; some abduction
N: Nerve to piriformis
Obturator internus
O: Bony inner margin of obturator foramen and inner obturator membrane
I: Greater trochanter
A: Lateral rotation of hip; some abduction
N: Nerve to obturator internus
Gemellus superior
O: Ischial spine
I: Greater trochanter
A: Lateral rotation of hip; some abduction
N: Nerve to obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Greater trochanter
A: Lateral rotation of hip; some abduction
N: Nerve to quadratus femoris
Quadratus femoris
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Lower posterior greater trochanter
A: Lateral rotation of hip
N: Nerve to quadratus femoris
Obturator externus
O: Bony outer margin of obturator foramen and outer obturator membrane
I: Trochanteric fossa
A: Lateral rotation of hip
N: Obturator nerve
Gluteus maximus
O: Posterior portion of ilium; posterior inferior sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
I: Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract of fascia lata
A: Extend and laterally rotate hip
N: Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
O: Outer surface and crest of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter
A: Abduct hip; anterior fibers medially rotate and flex hip; posterior fibers laterally rotate and extend hip
N: Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus
O: Outer surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: Anterior surface of greater trochanter
A: Abduct and medially rotate hip
N: Superior gluteal nerve
Tensor fasciae latae
O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Iliotibial tract of fascia lata
A: Flex, abduct, and medially rotate hip
N: Superior gluteal nerve
Flexion of the hip joint
Psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus, gluteus medius(anterior fibers), adductor longus
Extension of the hip joint
Biceps femoris, semtendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius (posterior fibers)
Adduction of the hip joint
Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis
Abduction of the hip joint
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior
Medial rotation of the hip joint
Gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, adductor magnus (possibly)
Lateral rotation of the hip joint
Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, quadratus femoris, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, gluteus medius (posterior fibers)
Flexion of the knee joint
Sartorius, gracilis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, popliteus, gastrocnemius, plantaris
Extension of the knee joint
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis (peroneus) tertius
Plantar flexion of ankle joint
Fibularis (peroneus) longus, fibularis (peroneus) brevis, gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
Inversion of the intertarsal joint
Tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior
Eversion of the intertarsal joint
Fibularis (peroneus) longus, fibularis (peroneus) brevis, fibularis (peroneus) tertius
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