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CH 19 Vitamins, Minerals, and Nutritional Supplements (Pharmacology Book)

Terms in this set (64)

Ascorbic Acid
a water soluble vitamin that is essential for the formation of collagen and fibroid tissue for teeth, bone, cartilage, connective tissue, and skin; found in fresh fruits (especially citrus fruits) and vegetables.
Ataxia
inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements.
Beriberi
avitaminosis caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B1).
Biotin
a B vitamin that aids in body growth.
Cachexia
a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS.
Calciferol
a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets, Vitamin D, regulate calcium metabolism and calcification, growth, maintain heart function.
Calcium
A mineral that is essential for bone growth, teeth development, blood coagulation, and many other functions.
Carotenoids
any of a class of yellow to red pigments, including the carotenes and xanthophylls.
Cheilosis
a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth.
Chloride
involved in the maintenance of fluid and the body's acid base balance.
Copper
important for the synthesis of hemoglobin because it is part of a co-enzyme involved in its synthesis; also a component of several important enzymes in the body, and essential to good health.
Cretinism
severe hypothyroidism resulting in physical and mental stunting
Cyanocobalamin
a B vitamin that is used to treat pernicious anemia
Electrolytes
chemical substances that develop an electric charge and are able to conduct an electric current when placed in water; ions
Enteral nutrition
giving nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract
Flourine
Chemical element that is used as a diagnostic aid in various tissue scans
Folic Acid
a B vitamin that is essential for cell growth and reproduction,B9
Food Additive
a substance that becomes part of a food product
Hemolysis
Destruction of red blood cells with the release of hemoglobin
Hypervitaminosis
an abnormal condition resulting from taking vitamins excessively
Hydroxocobalamin
involved in the metabolism of protein,fats, and carbohydrates, aids in hemoglobin synthesis, is essential for normal functioning of all cells, and is important in energy metabolism; b12.
Hyperalimenation
total parenteral nutrition, to supply complete nutrition to patients when the enteral route cannot be used, injected intravenously.
Hyomagnesemia
condition of abnormally low concentration of low magnesium in the blood.
Hypovitamintosis
a condition related to the deficiency of one or more vitamins.
Intrinsic Factor
A substance produced by the mucosa of the stomach and intestines that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12.
Iodine
a tincture consisting of a solution of iodine in ethyl alcoho.l
Iron
a heavy ductile magnetic metallic elemen.t
Keratomalacia
softening and drying and ulceration of the cornea resulting from vitamin A deficiency.
Magnesium
important ion for the function of many enzyme systems and is the 2nd most abundant action of the intracellular fluids in the body.
Menadione
a form of vitamin K,injectable.
Minerals
elements of the earth needed in the diet, which perform many functions in body tissues.
Niacin
a B vitamin essential for the normal function of the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract,
Nicotinic Acid
a B vitamin essential for the normal function of the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract; niacin; vitamin B3.
Osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phosphorus or calcium or vitamin D.
Pantothenic Acid
a vitamin of the vitamin B complex that performs an important role in the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates and certain amino acids.
Pellagra
a disease caused by deficiency of niacin or tryptophan (or by a defect in the metabolic conversion of tryptophan to niacin).
Pharma Food
a system of nourishing through breathing.
Phosphorus
A mineral that is essential in bone formation, muscle contraction, and many other functions.
Potassium
the major electrolyte in intracellular fluids, helping to regulate neuromuscular excitability and muscle contraction.
Pyridoxine
a B vitamin that is essential for metabolism of amino acids and starch.
Retinol
fat soluble vitamin essentials for skeletal growth, maintenance of normal mucosal epithelium,reproduction, and visual acuity; aka vitamin A.
Riboflavin
Helps the body use nutrients for energy; supports normal vision; helps keep skin healthy
Rickets
childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
Sodium
one of the most important elements of the body, sodium ions are involved in acid-base balance, water balance, transmission of nerve impulses, and contraction of muscles.
Sulfur
necessary to all body tissues and is found in all body cells.
Thiamine
water soluble, crystalline compound of the b complex,essential for normal metabolism and health of the cardiovascular and nervous systems; B1.
Tocopherol
a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction.
Xerophthalmia
abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eyes.
Vitamins
compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of other nutrients.
Vitamin A
fat soluble, helps with skin/ vision and reproduction & makes white blood cells, sources= dairy, liver, dark fruits and veggies.
Vitamin B1
Promotes normal appetite and digestion, needed by nervous system.
Vitamin B2
a B vitamin that prevents skin lesions and weight loss, Riboflavin.
Vitamin B3
Niacin, two enzymes that regulate energy metabolism and is essential for a healthy skin,tongue, and digestive system.
Vitamin B5
Pantothenic acid, a water-soluable vitamin required in the manufacture of steriod hormones and some neurotransmitters.
Vitamin B6
a B vitamin that is essential for metabolism of amino acids and starch, pyridoxine
Vitamin B7
biotin, water soluble, aids fatty acid production and the oxidation of fatty acids and carbs.
Vitamin B9
folic acid, essential for cell growth and reproduction of red blood cells.
Vitamin B12
also called cyanocobalamin, key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. affects DNA synthesis and regulation.
Vitamin B Complex
Group of vitamins that helps with metabolism & converting food to energy.
Vitamin C
Ascorbic acid,Promotes healthy teeth and gums, wound healing and resistance to infection.
Vitamin D
a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets,, Promotes growth and health of bones.
Vitamin E
a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction,Tocopherol.
Vitamin K
essential for sythesis of prothrombin in the liver.
Zinc
a trace element that is essential several body enzymes, growth,glucose,tolerance, wound healing, and taste acuity.
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