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ap bio final pig functions

Terms in this set (27)

mouth
palate- roof of the mouth. entrance to the alimentary canal
epiglottis
covers the opening to the trachea (glottis) when food is swallowed
liver
produces bile for the emulsification (breakdown into smaller digestible pieces) of fats. also stores sugar as glycogen (animal starch). largest of the internal organs
spleen
stores red blood cells
gall bladder
stores bile from the liver
stomach
composed of 3 layers of smooth muscle. churns food into a soupy material called chyme. begins the breakdown of proteins and kills bacteria with HCl (hydrochloride)
pancreas
produces digestive juices that break down all three food types. Also produces insulin.
small intestine
23 foot tube where the majority of the digestion and food absorption occurs
mesentery
blood vessel rich membrane which holds intestines in place and transfers absorbed nutrients to blood vessels
capillaries
tiny vessels that allow an exchange of the nutrients and waste between cells and blood in tissue
large intestine
functions mainly in the absorption of water. soupy chyme becomes feces in the colon
kidney
filled with tiny tubes (nephrons) that remove waste from blood
ureter
tube which transfers liquid wastes from the kidney to the bladder
urinary bladder
storage for liquid wastes
testes
male organ for the production of 1N sperm cells
ovaries
female organ for the production of 1N egg cells
fallopian tubes (oviduct)
transfers egg cells from the ovary to the uterus. area where most fertilization occurs
esophagus
carries food from mouth to stomach by peristalsis (waves of muscle contractions)
trachea
main air tube leading from throat to lungs
diaphragm
dome-shaped muscle in which contracts to inhale and exhale lungs
lungs
made of tiny air sacs called alveoli where O2 and CO2 are exchanged
heart
four-chambered pump covered by a membrane or sac (pericardium)
atria (auricles)
top portion. collects blood from body and lungs
ventricles
collect blood from atria. more muscular-pumps blood to body and lungs
coronary vessels
arteries and veins which nourish heart muscle with food and O2
arteries
thick walled and elastic vessels that carry blood away from the heart. largest is called the aorta.
veins
carry blood to the heart. contain one-way valves. largest is called the vena cava
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