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Bio Final

Terms in this set (30)

Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a
gene
What activities occur in the G1 phase
Cell is growing
Describe DNA molecule
Double Helix
Tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in pea plants. Write the genotype that represents a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness.
Tt
What process does Penicillium use to form its spores
Mitosis
Describe each new molecule of DNA produced when DNA replicates semi-conservitively
Half new half old
What is the phenotype of an organism
The visible physical traits
Radon is a radioactive gas that is sometimes present in homes. If radon is inhaled, its decay products are deposited in the lungs. Radioactive particles can penetrate cells and cause changes to the cells' DNA. These changes in DNA are an example what?
Mutation
Describe a difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in plants?
Photosynthesis makes sugar from CO2 and water, Cellular respiration transfers energy from sugar to ATP
The human body regularly sheds and replaces its skin cells. What process is directly responsible for replacing these cells?
Mitosis
Why does the insertion of a nucleotide in a DNA sequence result in a phenotypic change in an organism?
No longer codes for the correct amino acid
Domestic horses have 64 chromosomes. How many chromosomes should be in an egg cell of a female horse?
32
Phosphat group, sugar, and nitrogenous base make up what?
nucleotide
In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to
Uracil
List 4 ways RNA differs from DNA.
Ribose sugar, shorter, single strand, uracil
Based on the results of genetic crosses, Mendel concluded that the alleles for seed color and for seed shape in pea plants assorted independently. Why did they
On different chromosomes
In a dihybrid cross, AaBb x AaBb, what fraction of the offspring will be homozygous recessive for both traits?
1/16
When gametes are produced from a parent cell during normal meiosis, what is the number of chromosomes in each resulting cell?
24
If an individual has two recessive alleles for
the same trait, the individual is said to
Homozygous recessive
The stage of the cell cycle that occupies most of the cell's life is
Interphase
A newly discovered gene has two alleles, A and a. Scientists hypothesize that the alleles show incomplete dominance. What characteristic is evidence for incomplete dominance?
Each genotype has a different phenotype
In a sample of double-stranded DNA, 30% of the nitrogenous bases are thymine. What percentage of the nitrogenous bases in the sample are adenine?
30%
What is the function of mRNA?
Carry DNA code to Ribosome
What is the function of tRNA?
Carry amino acid to ribosome
What is the function of rRNA?
What a ribosome is made of
The X and Y chromosomes are called the
sex chromosomes
Some types of bacteria are able to perform photosynthesis. What chemical must these bacteria contain in their membranes?
Chlorophyl
What happens during transcription?
mRNA copy of DNA code is made in the nucleus
What happens during translation?
Protein is assembled at the ribosome
Assuming meiosis and fertilization occur normally, what pairs of alleles can an offspring possibly receive from this parent?
AF, Af, aF, af
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