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Chapter 4

Terms in this set (39)

Levin and her colleagues' study in which children visited a researchers' basement that was equipped with a seven-foot metal bar on a pivot demonstrated which of the following?


A. Lecturing to children is not an effective strategy to get them to learn difficult concepts.

B. There are some concepts that are too abstract for young children to comprehend.

C. Children can learn concepts beyond what is considered age-appropriate by actively experiencing the concepts.

D. Children are not able to conserve length until age eight.
C. Children can learn concepts beyond what is considered age-appropriate by actively experiencing the concepts.
Centration refers to which of the following?


A. using one object to stand for another in play or thought

B. having difficulty taking other people's perspectives

C. focusing on a single feature of an object and excluding other features

D. perceiving the world solely from one's own ego centered point of view
C. focusing on a single feature of an object and excluding other features
When Delia's father places a rattle into her hand, Delia now often brings the rattle to her mouth to suck on it. Delia is in which substage of the sensorimotor period?


A. substage 1

B. substage 2

C. substage 3

D. substage 4
B. substage 2
Which of the following lists Piaget's stages in the correct chronological order?


A. preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational

B. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

C. sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational

D. preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational

E. sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational
B. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
In which of Piaget's stages do children first develop a conservation concept?


A. postoperational

B. sensorimotor

C. formal operations

D. concrete operational
D. concrete operational
The experiment in which Piaget asks what a doll would see if it were sitting at a chair across the table from the child was designed to examine:


A. centration.

B. egocentrism.

C. symbolic representations.

D. conservation.
B. egocentrism.
Which of the following does NOT contribute to increased processing speed?


A. increased connectivity among brain regions

B. familiarity

C. rehearsal

D. myelination
C. rehearsal
Which of the following statements about autobiographical memory is NOT true?


A. It becomes increasingly detailed with age.

B. It is a type of content knowledge.

C. It can aid memory for new experiences.

D. It is considered to be part of working memory.
D. It is considered to be part of working memory.
The difficulty or ease with which frequency information is encoded is central to


A. statistical learning

B. mental retardation

C. the use of rehearsal as a meta-cognitive strategy

D. the effectiveness of rehearsal as a meta-cognitive strategy
A. statistical learning
Utilization deficiency refers to:


A. young children's failure to use memory strategies to help with challenging memory tasks.


B. the fact that initial uses of a memory strategy are not as helpful as later uses.


C. individual's inaccurate use of analogical reasoning.


D. the use of rehearsal when selective attention would have been a more beneficial memory strategy.
B. the fact that initial uses of a memory strategy are not as helpful as later uses.
Natalie is trying to balance a tall stack of books, but they keep falling. She remembers that the best way to create a block tower is to place the larger blocks at the bottom and the smaller blocks on the top, so she puts all of the large books on her desk first and then places the smaller books on top of them. Information-processing theorists would point out that Natalie has used which of the following to solve her problem?


A. analogical reasoning

B. modeling

C. rehearsal

D. task analysis
A. analogical reasoning
Gergely & Watson's contingency detection module is an example of _______ because ______________.


A. a stage theory; they describe stages in understanding the internal states of others

B. a sociocultural theory; they posit a learning mechanism that encodes social consequences of the infant's behavior.

C. and information processing theory; they posit the learning mechnisms for operant conditioning.

D. a core knowledge theory; they posit an innate learning mechanism that encodes the statistical relationships between the individual's behavior and subsequent events in the environment.
D. a core knowledge theory; they posit an innate learning mechanism that encodes the statistical relationships between the individual's behavior and subsequent events in the environment.
Which of the following believe children are born with specialized learning abilities to allow them to easily learn information of evolutionary importance?


A. core-knowledge theories

B. information-processing theories

C. Piagetian theory

D. sociocultural theories
A. core-knowledge theories
According to core-knowledge theories, children's informal theories have which of the following properties?


A. Events are explained only in terms of observable causes.

B. Many phenomena are explained in terms of a few basic principles.

C. Vast numbers of abstract categories are formed to divide up the objects and events in the world.

D. They are precisely-specified deductive systems.
B. Many phenomena are explained in terms of a few basic principles.
Core-knowledge theories suggest that teachers do which of the following to help their students learn?


A. ensure that children's existing knowledge does not interfere with learning new concepts

B. provide an environment that can be actively experienced by children

C. make learning a cooperative activity

D. do task analysis to determine children's specific difficulties
A. ensure that children's existing knowledge does not interfere with learning new concepts
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