Life science curriculum review

Terms in this set (90)

A group separated from the rest of the experiment where the independent variable being tested cannot influence the results

dependent variable

A dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable. It is called dependent because it "depends" on the independent variable.

a possible explanation or answer to a question

independent variable

independent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure.

Quantitative vs. Qualitative

Quantitative data is numerical, qualitative is what you observe with your senses.

1. ask a question 2. form a hypothesis 3. test the hypothesis 4. analyze the results 5. draw a conclusion 6. communicate results

a layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's enviornment

Cellular Respiration

process of producing ATPin the cell from oxygen and glucose, releases carbon dioxide and water

Difference between plant and animal cell

plant cells have a cell wall chloroplasts and a large vacuole and animal cells do not. They both have cell membrane, nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticula, golgi complex, lysosomes

cell organelles surrounded by two membranes that break down food molecules to make ATP

nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell recives a copy of the original chromosomes

the membrane-covered organelle found in eukaryotic cells; contains the cells DNA and serves as the control center of the cell

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

prokaryote- a cell that does not have a nucleus or any other membrane covered organelles. eukaryote- cell that contains a central nucleus and a complicated internal structure

a large membrane-covered structure found in plant cells that serves as a storage container for water and other liquids

A type of consumer that breaks down dead matter and returns nutrients to the soil.

What is fungi's role in the ecosystem?

They are most important as decomposers that break down organic materials (ood dead plants and animals) The scraps, returned chemicals in these materials are to the soil where plants can re-use them. They are nature's Recyclers.

green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy. The light energy is then used for photosynthesis

function is to create food for a plant, capture energy in sunlight. They also receive dioxide from the air.

organism that produces their own food. They do this by using energy from sunlight to produce sugar

Reactants and products of photosynthesis

Plants use energy captured by chlorophyll to change carbon dioxide and water into food Gugar glucose), Plants use energy in sunlight to make food photosynthesis takes place in the cholomplasts

supply plants with water and dissolved minerals absorbed from the soil,support and anchor plants, store surplus food created by photosynthesis

transport materials between the root and shoot system, some store materials such as water in a cactus stem

A threadlike, gene carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA e and associated nroteins.

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Passing of traits from parents to offspring

Heterozygous (hybrid)

an organism with dominant and recessive traits

Homozygous (purebred) plant

an organismt with two dominant or two recessive alleles

Number of chromosomes in the human body

A grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross.

Female chromosome, 23rd pair humans

Male chromosomes, 23rd pair humans

Biotic vs. Abiotic

living vs nonliving. Examples: Biotic- Plants Abiotic-water

An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms

all the living and non-living things in an enviroment, including their interactions with each other

Energy flow in an ecosystem

Sunlight-- Producers-- Consumers

A series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy.

A diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.

An area that provides an organism with its basic needs for survival.

An organism's particular role in an ecosystem.

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area.

An organism that makes its own food through photosynthesis.

A close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits, Example lichens on a tree.

A single-celled organism that moves by cytoplasmiestreining andtakes in food using pseudopods

a protist that has a single nagellum to mow and obtains it nutrients by the process of photosynthesis. itself Photosymthewis happens in the chloroplasts

heterotroph: a sweeps food into gullet moves quickly;a protozan with cilia

cellular respiration

Energy-releasing chemical breakdown of glucose molucules and the storage of the energy in a form that the cell can use to perform work.

Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Structures in leaves of plants, that open up and close the stomates in plants.

Photosynthetic organ that contains one or more bundles of vascular tissue

A process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light and energy and use it to power chemical reactions that corvert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches.

Pore-like openings in leaves that allow gases (co2 and O2) and water to diffuse in and out of the leaves.

Flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit

Male part of the flower where wperm (pollen) are produced by meiosis

Bottom stalk like part of stamen

The reproductive structure of an angiosperm

A mature ovary that contains a seed or seeds

A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop.

Future seeds; structures which contain the egg cells

interior to the sepals are the petals. Brightly colored in most flowers and aid in attracting pollinators. enclose, reproductive narts

the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma

A fine dust that contains the wwerm of tweed producing plants

A structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering

Leaf-like structures that surround base of flower and protect the bud

Male part of the flower; made up of an anther and a filament.

Pollen lands on it (sticky)

(botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma

asexual reproduction

A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring, that are identical to the parent.

characteristics of living things

Living things are made up of cells. a)LAving, Things reproduce. 3 Living Things are based on genetic code. 4) Living things grow and develop. 5) Living things need and use energy. 6) Living, things respond to their surroundings. Living, things maintain a stable internal environment. 8) Living things evolve.

Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment.

A living thing; anything, that can carry out life processes independently

sexual reproduction

A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Classification of 1Iving Things

DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS- SPECIES

hierarchy of living things

cell --tissue
organ --organ
system --organism.

comparative anatomy

Comparing the anatomy of different organisms supports the idea of descent with modification from a common ancestor.

deoxyribonucleic acid) a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

embryonic development

Species that differ as adults often have similarities during, the embryonic stage, like the backbone, gill splits long bony tails etc.

A gradual change in the structure. and physiology of plant and animal species generally producing more complex organisms as a result of natural selection

An assemblage of fossils arranged in order of age providing evidence of changes in species over time

Steps of Natural Selection.

1) Variation exists due to mutations in genes a) Overproduction- species reproduce too much for the environment to support 3) Struggle for Existanee- cornpetition among the organisms a) Survival of the Fittest the organism that has the best adaptation to the environment surives and reproduces

vestigial structure

A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose

circulatory system

(aka cardiovascular system) This system works as the transportation highway for the body. It consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, it transports substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the body.

digestive system

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.

hierarchy of living things

cell-- tissue --organ --organ --system --organism

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body...example: heart

A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions,

respiratory system

system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs

skeletal system

Protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement, Blood cells are formed within hones Bones stnre minerals

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