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Cardiovascular system

Terms in this set (47)

Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart.
Veins
Veins are vessels that carry blood back toward the heart.
Arterioles
smallest arteries
Venules
smallest veins
base of the heart
the broad, superior aspect of the heart where the atria are located and where the great vessels attach
Apex of the heart
the pointed inferior end of the heart that angles slightly to the LEFT. Note that the apex is located at the tip of the left ventricle because the right ventricle does not extend that far inferiorly.
Sternocostal surface of the heart
the anterior part of the heart which faces the sternum and adjacent part of the thoracic cage. Its major features is the anterior interventricular groove.
Diaphragmatic surface of the heart
the postero-inferior surface of the heart which lies adjacent to the diaphragm. its major feature is the posterior interventricular groove.
Pulmonary surface of the heart
the left side of the heart which lies adjacent to and indents the left lung
Right border of the heart
the right side of the heart which lies adjacent to and indents the right lung. It is the " right side version" of the pulmonary surface of the heart.
Coronary groove
a fat-filled indentation encircling the heart which marks the separation of the atria ( above) from the ventricles ( below). Branches of the coronary vessels are located in this groove.
Anterior and posterior interventricular grooves
the subtle fat and vessel filled depressions on the sternocostal and diaphragmatic surfaces of the heart that mark the position of the interventricular septum that separates the lumina of the ventricles.
Endocardium
the inner lining Layer of the heart, which consists of simple squamous epithelium termed endothelium plus a thin layer of subendothelial connective tissue.
myocardium
the middle layer, it is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue, and comprises the bulk of the heart.
epicardium
the superficial layer of the heart composed of a serous membrane. forms the inner layer of the pericardium
interatrial septum
internal separation of the atrium by a thin wall
interventricular septum
thick wall between the ventricles
right atrium of the heart
receives systemic venous blood from the body as well as blood returning from the heart itself and pumps it into the right ventricle.
sinus venarum cavarum
the portion of the right atrium that which receives blood.
right auricle of the heart
the blind ended portion of the right atrium that projects anteriorly from the base of the heart.
opening of the superior vena cava
the large opening where the superior vena cava enters the superior aspect of the right atrium. This returns systemic venous blood from the head, neck, superior limbs, and thorax
opening of the inferior vena cava
the large opening where the inferior vena cava enters the inferior aspect of the right atrium. This returns systemic venous blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and inferior limbs.
opening of the coronary sinus
the small opening which lies adjacent to that of the inferior vena cava. The coronary sinus is the terminal portion of the great cardiac vein which returns blood from the heart itself.
fossa ovalis of the heart
a subtle indentation on the interatrial septum. It marks the position of the fetal foramen ovale an interatrial passageway. Sometimes this passageway fails to close properly after birth resulting in a open foramen ovale - one form of atrial septal defect.
intervenous tubercle
the endocardial ridge between the openings of the superior and inferior vena cava.
pectinate muscles
the ridges formed by fasciculi of atrial myocardium located on the inner surfaces of the left and right atria.
right ventricle of the heart
receives blood from the right atrium through the right atrioentricular opening and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk.
right atrioventricular or tricuspid valve
the valve that is located in the right atrioventricular opening. it has ANTERIOR, POSTERIOR and SEPTAL cusps.
chordae tendineae
the fibrous cords that attach to the margins of the leaflets of the left and right atrioventricular valves and anchor them to the papillary muscles.
Papillary muscles
the myocardial projections to which the chordae tendineae of the left and right atrioventricular valves are anchored
trabeculae carneae
the muscular bundles lining the walls of the left and right ventricles.
trabecula septomarginalis
a fasciculus of cardia muscle tissue extending from the interventricular septum to the opposite wall of the right ventricle. it carries part of the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle from the interventricular septum to the outer wall of the right ventricle. This structure has bee called the moderator band.
conus arteriosus or infundibulum of the heart
the outflow tract of the right ventricle leading to the opening of the pulmonary trunk.
valve of the pulmonary trunk or pulmonary valve
the valve between the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. It has three leaflets termed ANTERIOR LEFT, RIGHT SEMILUNAR VALVULAE
left atrium of the heart
receives the four pulmonary veins returning blood from the lugs and pumps it into the left ventricle. Like the right atrium it has pectinate muscles lining its inner surfaces, and it has blind-ended portion termed the LEFT AURICLE OF THE HEART . otherwise it has very few named features.
openings of the pulmonary veins
the four openings through which the four pulmonary veins return blood from the lungs.
left ventricle of the heart
receives blood from the left atrium through the left atrioventriular opening and pumps it into the AORTA. the papillary muscles choardae tendineae, and trabeculae carneae resemble those of the right ventricle ( there is no trabeculum septomarginalis )
left atrioventricular valve or mitral valve
the valve that occupies the left atrioventricular orifice. it has ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR CUSPS as well as smaller COMMISSURAL CUSPS at the ends of the major cusps. Because it has only two major cusps, the left atrioventricular valve is known as the Bicuspid valve
Aortic valve
the valve which occupies the opening of the aorta. It has three leaflets termed RIGHT, LEFT and POSTERIOR SEMILUNAR VALVULAE.
purkinje fibers or conducting cardiac muscle fibers
sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node
atrioventricular bundle
left and right crura of the atrioventricular bundle
are distributed to the left and right ventricular walls
pericardium
a serous membrane that forms a closed serous cavity around the heart
visceral layer of the serous pericardium (epicardium)
the portion of serous pericardium that is attached to the surface of the heart
parietal layer of the serous pericardium
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