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Sociology Chapters 1-3

Terms in this set (31)

manifest functions
According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.
social location
When sociologists group people into categories based on their age, gender, education level, job and income, they are trying to determine their _______.
sociological imagination
"The___________ enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society."
power elite
The sociologist C. Wright Mills developed the concept of the _________.
Symbolic Interactionism
The Thomas theorem, "If you define situations as real, they are real in their consequences," would best fall under the category of __________.
Conflict
________ theorists would argue that the mass media represents the interests of society's political and economic elites
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf
The two anthropologists who concluded that language has embedded within it ways of looking at the world were __________.
gender socialization
The Smiths are going Christmas shopping for their two children, Dick and Jane. They plan to buy Dick a Tonka truck and Jane Barbie doll. Their selection of toys for their children is an example of _____________ by parents.
It is important to learn the gestures of a given culture to achieve simplicity of communication.
Which statement is most accurate when describing gestures and their importance?
Core vaules- the vaules that are central to a group, those around which it builds a common identity. (Majority) a group as a whole
As part of the hidden cultural values in the US, more emphasis is placed on _____________ than individuality.
Nacirema
The belief that the human body is ugly and prone to debility and disease is part of the body ritual practices of the __________.
Body rituals
Horace Miner showed that by treating dentists as the "holy-mouth-men," _________ exist even in "advanced" industrial societies.
Socialization. The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group.
The process by which we learn the cultural, social, and political belief systems, values, and attitudes of our particular social world is called _________.
Awareness- concept-when we take on the role of the other- putting yourself in someone elses shoes; understanding how someone else feels and thinks, so you anticipate how that person will act
According to George Herbert Mead, we acquire a sense of self _______.
"Hardwired into our biology" product of our genes, global emotions.
According to anthropologist Paul Ekman, the fact that there is a consensus among all cultures worldwide on the expression of six specific emotions (happiness, fear, anger, sadness, disgust, and surprise), it supports the notion that these emotions are __________.
Internalized culture. Conscience, norms and values of social groups. The culture within us
In Freud's theory on the development of personality, the concept of the superego is comparable to the sociological notion of ____________.
Society
When examining human nature, sociologists claim that, ultimately, ___________ makes us human.
HIDDEN VALUES IN U.S SOCIETY:
1. Power
2. Conformity
3. Intellect/brawn over feelings/insticts
4. Might over right
5. Dishonesty
6. Control
7. Violence
8. Punishment
9. Play as earned activity
10. Conditional love
11. Dominiance
12. Male over female
13. Discipline
14. Sex over intimacy
15. Profits over people
The following are part of the hidden U.S. cultural values except
Ethnocentrism- the use of ones own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms and behaviors
When Jane visited Morocco, she found it difficult to buy tickets as everyone pushed ahead of her. When she went home to the United States, she told her friends that the Moroccans were the rudest people she had ever encountered. Her judgment of the Moroccans' behavior is an example of __________.
Genes, genetic programming, social experiences that influence human behavior.
Edward Wilson and other sociobiologists believe that in order to predict future events more accurately, we must consider the ___________ of social behavior.
Less affectionate they are, have weaker bonds with mothers, are less cooperative and mean.
Researchers have found that the more hours per week that children were in daycare, the ________________.
Language, intimate early social interaction
Studies of isolated and institutionalized children point out the importance of ___________ in acquiring the basic "human" traits we take for granted.
Emile Durkheim
Which of the following theorist is known for identifying social integration, the degree to which people are tied to a social group?
Social Norms- expectations of "right" behavior
On the first day of school, Mary comes prepared with her notebook, pen and pencil. She takes her seat and waits for her instructor to begin the class. Which of the following can best describe this scenario?
Folkways- norms that are not strictly enforced. We expect people to follow folkways but wont make a big deal about it if they don't.
One day John decides to show up to school wearing a dress, high heels, and pantyhose. John is said to be breaking which of the following?
Macro-level analysis. An examination of large-scale patters of society; such as how wall street and the political establishment sre interrelated.
A focus on the broad features of society to analyze such things as social class and how groups relate to one another is called ________.
Expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms or expressions of disapproval for violating them.😧😀
What are sanctions?
The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that characterize a group and are passed from one generation to the next
What is culture?
Bourgeoise-
Capitalists. Those who own the capital, land, factories and machines. The wealthy class.

Proletariat-
Exploited workers who do not own the means of production. The poor and middle class
The proletariat and the bourgeoisie?
social integration
degree to which people are tied to social groups
examined religion as a force of change
max weber
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