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Chapter 13

Terms in this set (49)

Drugs that mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system are called sympathomimetic or
adrenergic
The autonomic nervous system can be described as being self-governing, automatic, or
involuntary
The MOST commonly used adrenergic blockers are known as alpha- and ____ blockers
beta
The words that BEST illustrate the action of the sympathetic nervous system are fright, fight, and
flight
Chemical substances called ______ are released at nerve endings to transmit nerve impulses.
neurotransmitters
Adrenergics can be administered intravenously, subcutaneously, or
intramuscularly
Drugs that block the action of the parasympathetic nervous system are known as
anticholinergics
Drugs that mimic the action of the parasympathetic nervous system are commonly known as
cholinergics
Only, _____, a cholinergic blocker, acts as a bronchodilator and reduces the incidence of laryngospasm that can occur during general anesthesia.
atropine
The parasympathetic nerve fibers synthesize and liberate _____ as a mediator.
acetylcholine
A 26-year-old client with asthma is using isoproterenol to relieve bronchospasms. What is the mechanism of this action?
Stimulates the beta-receptors
Which of the following are chemical substances released at the nerve endings to transmit nerve impulses?
Neurotransmitters
What cholinergic blocker is used to prevent motion sickness?
scopolamine
Neostigmine, a cholinergic, is used to treat what neuromuscular disease?
myasthenia gravis
A client with cardiac disease is on a beta-blocker. What effect does this medication have?
Decreases the cardiac workload by decreasing the heart rate
What instruction should be given to clients taking beta-blockers to avoid postural hypotension?
Arise slowly from a reclining postition
A client is taking a large dose of Inderal for angina for approximately 6 months. What information does the nurse share with the client?
Avoid abruptly stopping the medication
How can the sympathetic nervous system BEST be characterized?
The body's emergency system used to mobilize for quick response and action
Adrenergic drugs are used to restore rhythm in cardiac arrest and to elevate blood pressure in shock. What are three additional uses for adrenergics?
Capillary constriction for nosebleeds or nasal congestion; bronchiole dilation for acute asthmatic attacks, bronchospasm, or anaphylactic reactions; and ophthalmic procedures.
An older adult client is started on an adrenergic antagonist for hypertension. What does the nurse instruct the client to do?
Rise slowly
The sympathetic nervous system is a branch of the autonomic nervous system that utilizes ________ to get the body readied in stressful situations.
hormones
atropine-
preoperative treatment
scopolamine
motion sickness
homatropine
mydriatic
gycopyrrolate
insecticide or mushroom poisoning
What device should be readily available to an individual prone to severe allergic reactions during the course of their daily activity?
Epipen
Neostigmine
treatment of dry mouth and myasthenia gravis
Pilocarpine
lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma
pyridostigmine
to reverse muscle paralysis
bethanecol
postpartum or post operative urinary retention
Norepinephrine
levophed
phenylephrine
Neo-Synephrine
Epinephrine
Adrenalin
Isoproterenol
Isuprel
A health care practitioner is administering adrenergic blockers. She knows that this will block what type of response?
Sympathetic response
A client is being treated in the emergency department for bradycardia secondary to a Lyme disease infection. The client has a sudden decrease in his heart rate and requires medication to speed it up. What medication will have this action?
atropine sulfate
What BEST describes the action of propranolol (Inderal)?
Blocks the beta receptors
At a health fair, a nurse explains to students the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. What could the nurse say about the sympathetic nervous system response?
It speeds up the responses in the body.
A client is given Urecholine for postoperative urinary retention. The client has also been taking pilocarpine ophthalmic for glaucoma. What does the health care practitioner instruct the client to report?
Gastric pain, cramping, diarrhea, increased salivation, bradycardia, or orthostatic hypotension
A client is taking an over-the-counter nasal decongestant. The nurse tells the client that an overdose might lead to which of the following?
Rebound congestion
In reviewing a medication that has an adrenergic beta-2 response, the health care practitioner knows it will have which effect on the bronchioles?
Dilates the bronchioles
The body has specific receptors that respond to stimulation of chemicals called neurotransmitters. What are these receptors called?
Alpha- and beta-receptors
In providing discharge instructions to a client with hypertension, the health care practitioner instructs him not to use over-the-counter cold medicines and diet pills, because they may have adrenergic properties. What is one of these properties?
Increased blood pressure
The term parasympathetic is synonymous with which of the following?
Cholinergic
An adrenergic medication is ordered for a client. The provider has ordered epinephrine subcutaneously. What can the health care provider tell the client to expect after taking this?
racing of heart
A client has been prescribed a cholinergic drug. How can the healthcare provider describe the action of a cholinergic drug such as bethanechol?
Slows the heart rate
An older adult client is being treated for benign prostatic hypertrophy and is prescribed the cholinergic doxazosin. The health care practitioner knows this medication has what effect?
alpha blocker
The student is reviewing her anatomy and physiology materials on the autonomic nervous system. She knows that the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems act on the same organs but produce opposite effects. What is the parasympathetic response to the gastrointestinal tract?
Speeds up peristalsis
A client is using a sympathomimetic. The healthcare provider knows that this medication should be used with caution when the client has which of the following?
Angina
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