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Org & Mgt: LESSON 2 - The Evolution of Management Theories

Terms in this set (45)

Assembly Line
The manufacturing process where product parts undergo consecutive workstations as they get assembled into a final product.
Rule of Thumb
A general rule based on practice or experience rather than facts or scientific evidence.
Time and motion study
A technique wherein a job is divided into component parts and the time consumed in performing each task is measured.
Scientific Management Theory
Is a theory of management which studies the application of scientific methods and principles for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency.
Scientific Management Theory PROPONENTS
-Frederick W. Taylor
-Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
-Henry Ford
4 Principles of Scientific Management
- Replace rule of thumb methods with scientifically proven.
-Select, train, and develop each worker based on scientific methods.
-Cooperate with workers to ensure scientific methods are implemented.
-Divide work between manager and worker so the manager will ensure scientific method.
Administrative Management Theory
Focuses on the overall management of an organization, emphasizing the role of managers as administrators of the organization.
Administrative Management Theory PROPONENTS
-Henri Fayol
-Max Weber
-Chester Barnard
-Mary Parker Follet
5 Functions of Administrarive Management Theory
-Planning
-Organizing
-Communicating
-Coordinating
-Controlling
14 Principles of Administrative Management Theory
CORPS SEE AID UU
Centralization
where the roles of all employees are clarified, emphasis on the distinction between superiors and subordinates.
Order
Where the organization of jobs and materials must be done in an orderly fashion.
Remuneration
Of the efforts of the employees which should be systematically rewarded in line with the organization's vision & mission.
Predominance of the general interest
Of the organization over the individual interests of employees.
Scalar chain
Communication should be open within the chain of command.
Stability and tenure of personnel
To actively promote employee loyalty to the organization.
Equity
Fairness and order must be practiced to maintain employee commitment
Esprit de corps
To promote teamwork and the unity of interest between the employees and the management.s
Authority
To delegate work and tasks to the employees.
Initiative
To encourage employees to act on their own in support of the organization's objectives.
Discipline
Where expectations should be clearly set and violators of rules must be punished.
Unity of Command
Where an employee should only report to one supervisor.
Unity of Direction
The efforts of the employees are guided toward the attainment of organizational objectives.
Human Relations Theory
Grew out of the human relations movement in the 1930s. Focuses on the social element in the workplace.
Human Relations Theory PROPONENTS
-Elton Mayo
-Hawthorne Works Factory
-Abraham Maslow
Quantitative Management Theory
Uses quantitative approaches such as statistical analysis and computer simulations to arrive at a management decision.
Management Science
Uses mathematics in problem solving and decision making.
Operations management
Seeks to apply ideas and models from management science to the actual workplace in dealing with managerial positions.
Management information system
Most recent subfield of quantitatice management. Gathers past, present and projected data from external and internal sources and transforms them into usable information which managers use to select the best alternatives and make decisions easily.
Systems Theory
Explains how interrelated parts operate together to achieve a common purpose.
4 Elements of the Systems Theory
-Inputs
-Transformation processes
-Outputs
-Feedback
Open System
Organization that interacts closely with its environment and is fully aware of what is going on in the environment as well as the changes it experiences.
Closed System
Does not interact with its environment and pays little attention to changes in its surroundings.
Contingency Theory
Universal theories cannot be applied to organizations because each organization has unique characteristics and is confronted by varied problems or challenges.
Contingency Theory PROPONENTS
-Fred Fiedler
Quality Management Theory
Emphasizes consistency in an organization and minimal to no errors or defects in production.
Quality Management Theory PROPONENTS
-William Edwards Deming
-Joseph Moses Juran
Kaizen
(1986) focuses on the improvement of people, processes, and products. It means "change for the better," and requires the implementation of gradual changes in an industry or organization over a certain period.
1100 BC
-4 Managerial Functions by CHINESE
400-350 BC
-Scientific approach to work by the GREEKS
-Management Decentralization by ROMANS
Medieval Period
VENETIANS standardized the assembly lines.
1780-1840
Emergence of economies of scale which reduced manufacturing costs by INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.
20th Century
Manufacturing & Industry became the core businesses in EUROPE & the UNITED STATES.
Abraham Maslow's Hieararchy of Needs
-Self Actualization
-Self Esteem
-Love
-Safety
-Physiological
Abraham Maslow's Hieararchy of Needs
-Self Actualization
-Self Esteem
-Love
-Safety
-Physiological
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