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GU Key Terms

Terms in this set (31)

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
directly related to renal blood flow, filtration of plasma per unit of time, measured by age, body weight and plasma creating normal is 90-120
Nephron
the basic unit of the kidney, a sequence of tubes that filter the blood of waste and conserves the fluid and electrolytes that the body needs
Glomerular capillaries
major mechanism of the nephron for waste removal and water recycling
Loop of Henle
a section within the nephron where high amounts of sodium are reabsorbed and urea secreted from the blood into the tubules
Creatinine
end product of muscle metabolism normal is 0.7-1.2mg/dL
Creatinine clearance
measures both blood and urine creatinine in a 24 hour urine volume
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
urea is the product of protein metabolism formed in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Urea is composite of nitrogenous waste that needs to be excreted
Azotemia
increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) within the bloodstream
Urine analysis
looks at various lab values in the urine such as solute concentration, pH, electrolytes, cortisol, bacteria
Prerenal dysfunction
caused by decreased blood flow and perfusion to the kidney
Intrarenal dysfunction
develops secondary to actual injuries to the kidney itself
Postrenal dysfunction
related to obstruction of urine outflow from the kidneys
Hydronephrosis
fluid-filled swollen kidney caused by postrenal kidney dysfunction from urine backing up within the ureter and into the kidney
Urea
composite of nitrogenous waste that needs to be excreted
Dysuria
pain/burning when voiding
Nocturia
urination during the night generally 1 per night is considered normal
Pyuria
WBCs in the urine
Flank pain
back pain caused by kidney infection
Costovertebral angle CVA tenderness
classic sign of kidney disorder
Oliguria
small amounts of urine being produced
Anuria
no urine being produced
Polyuria
increased urination frequent voiding large amounts
Urinary Incontinence
involuntary leaking of urine
Hematuria
presence of blood in urine
Renal colic
pain caused by stretching of the collecting system from stones 1-5mm in the ureter, acute flank and upper out quadrant of abdomen on the side affected skin is cold clammy and people can have N/V
Non colicky renal pain
pain caused by the stretching of the renal calyces or renal pelvis it is a dull deep ache in the flank or back intensity can vary when drinking water pain increases
Intravenous pyelography
contrast to visual the kidney and collecting ureters
Renal ultrasound
looks at the size of the kidneys looking for hydronephrosis, renal cysts, tumors, and calculi
Abdominal x-ray
can look for stones
CT of kidneys
can visualize stones if used with contrast
MRI of kidneys
detect cancer or bleeding
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