Fundamentals of Respiratory Therapy Chapter 6

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absolute humidity
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Terms in this set (42)
absolute humidity
actual mass or content of water in a measured volume of air
adhesion
band of scar tissue that binds anatomic surfaces that normally are separate from each other
ATPS
abbreviation for ambient temperature, ambient pressure, saturated
Avogadro's Law
law in physics stating that equal volumes of all gases at a given temperature and pressure contains the identical number of molecules
BTPS
abbreviation for body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated
Coanda effect
phenomenon in hydrodynamics whereby a fluid in motion may be attracted or held to a wall
cohesion
attractive force between like molecules
condensation
change of state from gas to liquid
conduction
transfer of heat by the direct interaction of atoms or molecules in a hot area that contact atoms or molecules in a cooler area
convection
heat transfer through the mixing of fluid molecules at different temperature states via thermal currents
critical temperaturehighest temperature at which a substance can exist as a liquid, regardless of pressureDalton's Lawlow stating that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures exerted by the individual gases if they were present alone in the containerdew pointtemperature at which water vapor condenses back to its liquid formevaporationchange in state of a substance from liquid to gaseous form occurring below its boiling pointflow resistancedifference in pressure between the two points along a tube, divided by the actual flowGraham's lawlaw stating that the rate of diffusion of a gas through a liquid is directly proportional to its solubility coefficient and inversely proportional to the square root of its densityHenry's lawlaw stating that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas if the temperature is constant and if the gas does not chemically react with the liquidjet entrainmentdesign principle used in simple O2 masks with variable FiO2 settingskinetic energyenergy a body possesses by virtue of its motionlaminar flowpattern of flow consisting of concentric layers of fluid flowing parallel to the tube wall at linear velocities that increase toward the centerLaplace's lawprinciple of physics that the tension on the wall of a sphere is the product of the pressure times the radius of the chamber, and the tension is transversely related to the thickness of the walllatent heat of fusionthe amount of heat at a substance's melting point required to change 1 gram of the substance from a solid to a liquidlatent heat of vaporizationthe amount of heat at a substance's boiling point required to change 1 gram of the substance from a liquid to a gaslaw of continuityvelocity of a fluid moving through a tube varies inversely with the available cross-sectional arealaws of thermodynamicslaws that describe the relation between temperature and the kinetics of matter changing its statemelting pointcharacteristic temperature at which the solid and liquid forms of a substance are in equilibriumPascal's principlelaw stating that a confined liquid transmits pressure equally in all directionsPoiseuille's lawdescribes the difference in pressure required to produce a given flow under conditions of laminar flow, through a smooth tube of a fixed sizepotential energyenergy contained in a body as a result of its position in space, internal structure, and stresses imposed on itradiationtreatment of neoplastic disease by using x-rays or gamma rays, usually from a cobalt source, to deter the proliferation of malignant cells by decreasing the rate of mitosis or impairing DNA synthesisrelative humidityamount of moisture in the air compared with the maximum the air could contain at the same temperaturesolubility coefficientvolume of gas that can be dissolved in 1 ml of a given liquid at standard pressure and specified temperaturespecific gravityration of the density of a substance to the density of another substance accepted as a standardSTPDconditions of a volume of gas at 0 degrees Celsius and 760 mm Hg and containing no water vaporstrain-gauge pressure transducersa pressure monitoring device that records pressures by the expansion and contraction of a flexible metal diaphragm connected to electrical wiressurface tensiontendency of a liquid to minimize the area of its surface by contractingthermal conductivitymeasure of gas concentrations in a sample calculated by detecting the rate at which different gases conduct heatthermodynamicsscience of the interconversion of heat and workturbulent flowflow of a fluid that does not occur in a straight linevaporizationprocess whereby matter in its liquid form is changed into its vapor or gaseous formviscosityinternal force that opposes flow of a fluid, either liquid or gaseswater vapor pressurethe pressure exerted by water in its gaseous state