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Kaplan Biology - Chapter 2: Reproduction

Terms in this set (89)

Four stages of Cell Cycle
G1, S, G2, M
What stages are involved in the INTERPHASE
G1, S, G2
what is the longest part of the cell cycle?
Interphase
What is G0
cell is simply living and serving its function, not prepping for division
What part of the cell can you NOT see during interphase and why
Chromosomes because they are in a less condensed form called chromatin so that the DNA can be available for transcription via RNA polymerase
During mitosis, what happens to the DNA and why
it becomes very condensed and tightly coiled as to not lose any genetic material during cell division
Describe G1 Stage
organelle creation for energy and protein production and increase in size, Dna examined and repaired
Resitriction point or the G1/S checkpoint
After G1 stage, when the cell becomes "committed" to the cell cycle and after which extracellular proliferation stimulants are no longer required.

cell checks to see if DNA is good enough to replicate/cell cycle will arrest if DNA damage needs repairing (controlled by P53)
Describe S stage
1)replication of genetic material
2)sister chromatids are bound at the centromere
G2 stage
cell goes through quality control checkpoint where cell checks to make sure that there are enough organelles and cyto to divide into two cells. DNA is checked for errors
M stage
mitosis+cytokinesis
P53 importance in restriction point
involved in checking for errors in DNA before entering the S phase so that dna damage is fixed.
G2/M checkpoint
cell checks to see if cell is adequately sized to split in two, has enough organelles, p53 also involved here
Which two molecules are responsible for the cell cycle progression and how do they work
cyclins and clyclin dependent kinases. Presence of certain cyclins at certain points activate appropriate CDKs and create a camplex that then phosphorylates transcription factors for the genes required in the next stage of the cell cycle
What happens when p53 is mutated in cancer
it can no longer stpo cell cycle to repair DNA damage allowing more mutations to accumulate
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