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neurorehab exam 1

Terms in this set (27)

retraction and depression of scapula; internal rotation of shoulder; flexion of elbow/wrist/fingers; pronation of forearm; lateral flexion of trunk toward involved side; elevation and retraction of pelvis; internal rotation of hip; extension of hip and knee; supination of foot; plantar flexion of ankle and toes
hemiplegic posture or pattern of spasticity
less than normal resistance to passive elongation; affected limb feels limp and heavy
hypotonia (decreased muscle tone/flaccidity)
more than normal resistance of a muscle to passive elongation; both neural (spasticity) and mechanical (soft tissue stiffness) factors contribute to this
hypertonia (increased muscle tone)
neural component of hypertonus; characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes and exaggerated tendon reflexes
spasticity
oscillating contraction and relaxation of a limb segment caused by alternating pattern of stretch reflex and inverse stretch reflex of spastic muscle
clonus
resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle that suddenly gives way, like the blade of a jackknife
clasp knife phenomenon or reflex
inability to generate the necessary force for effective motor function
weakness
inability to move a single joint without producing unnecessary movements in other joints resulting in stereotyped movement patterns instead of selective, flexible movement patterns
loss of fractionation
inability to perform goal-directed motor activity in absence of paresis, ataxia, sensory loss, or abnormal muscle tone
apraxia
characterized by hypertonus in both agonist and antagonist muscles, with resistance to movement that's not velocity dependent and felt throughout range of motion
lead pipe rigidity
rhythmic oscillating movement that develops during precise intentional movements caused by involuntary alternating contractions of opposing muscles
intention tremor
inability to judge distances accurately
dysmetria
characterized by movements that are broken up into a series of successive simple movements rather than one smooth movement involving multiple joints
decomposition of movement/dyssynergia
impairment in ability to perform repeated alternating movements, such as pronation and supination, rapidly and smoothly
dysdiadochokinesia
loss of ability to perform rapid alternating movements
adiadochokinesia
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