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Ethics EXAM 1

Terms in this set (26)

Ethics
A framework of set rules of conduct and standards that govern a particular group's decisions and actions supported by logical ideas and arguments
Morals
A framework of set rules of conduct and standards that govern an individual's decisions and actions that are supported by logical ideas and arguments; derived from ethics
Ethical relativism
the belief that it is acceptable for ethics and morality to differ among persons or societies or cultures
2 kinds: Ethical subjectivism and cultural relativism
Ethical subjectivism
individuals creating a moral code that is not tied to an ethical framework
Cultural Relativism
an ethical framework based in and intricately woven in a culture... for good or not
Values
deeply ingrained position that is held in highest regard or esteem by an individual, culture, group
Reasoning
The use of thought processes to interweave various experiences, values, and standards to create strategies
Moral Reasoning
Pertinent to thought processes by which morals are determined
Critical Thinking
Disciplined thinking that considers experiences, values and standards to solve problems
Normative Ethics
an attempt to decide or prescribe values, behaviors, and ways of being that are right or wrong, good or bad, and admirable or deplorable
Meta Ethics
Concerned with defining and understanding the language of ethics and morality
Descriptive Ethics
Frequently based in research
-Describes what/how people think about morality
-e.g. study of nurses attitudes towards PAS
Deontology
Obligations, duties and rules (not emotions, etc)
-Associated with the philosopher Kant
-Duties, not consequences, most important
Utilitarian
Form of consequentialism
-Actions are based on function and practicality
-What flows from the actions are important
-Greatest good
Principlism
Rule based criteria
-(Deontology is the precursor)
-Always start with the rules
-Facts come after
Casuistry
Considers individual matters
-Use of paradigm cases
-Often used by Ethics Committees
-Involves evaluation of facts,
then, application of laws, regulations, framework
Autonomy
the freedom for a person of capacity to make the moral decisions in a self-determined manner
Informed Consent
to agree to a treatment or to research after being advised of all of its facets
3 parts of informed consent
-Receipt of information
-Consent for treatment and that it is voluntary& Right to stop participating without anything happening to them
-Person needs to be competent and can make their decision
Beneficence
obligation to do good
nonmaleficence
do no harm
justice
fairness, non-exploitation, advocacy, inclusiveness
Paternalism
Obstructing autonomy because of perceived obligation to do good
Therapeutic Privilege
withholding information during the informed consent process (NOT accepted)
Ethical Dilemma
Situation and/or fact pattern:
-with no clear right or wrong
-or with competing outcomes as to what will be right or wrong
Advocacy
Identification of needs of a patient or other in your care
-finding resources
-assisting in the implementation of the resources
-follow up
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