BIO 182 Chapter 25 Harvey (From Powerpoint)

fossil record
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Terms in this set (42)
fossil record
reveals changes in history of life on earth
incomplete and biased
Few individuals have fossilized, and even fewer have been discovered; the fossil record is ____________________________ in favor of species that existed for a long time, were abundant and widespread, and had hard parts capable of mineralizing
existed for a long time
Few individuals have fossilized, and even fewer have been discovered; the fossil record is incomplete and biased in favor of species that ___________________, were abundant and widespread, and had hard parts capable of mineralizing
abundant a d widespread
Few individuals have fossilized, and even fewer have been discovered; the fossil record is incomplete and biased in favor of species that existed for a long time, were ____________________________, and had hard parts capable of mineralizing
hard parts capable of mineralizing
Few individuals have fossilized, and even fewer have been discovered; the fossil record is incomplete and biased in favor of species that existed for a long time, were abundant and widespread, and had ______________________.
relative ages
Sedimentary strata reveal the __________________ of fossils
radiometric dating
The absolute ages of fossils can be determined by _____________________
parent, daughter
A ____________ isotope decays to a __________ isotope at a constant rate (two answers separated by commas)
half-life
each isotope has a known ____________, the time required for half the parent isotope to decay.
Radiocarbon dating
_________________ can be used to date fossils up to 75,000 years old
reversals of the magnetic poles_______________________ have left their signature on rocks throughout the world, also providing dating informationgeologic recordThe __________________ is divided into the archean, proterozoic, adn the phanerozoic eonspaleozoicThe Phanerozoic encompasses multicellular eukaryotic life and is divided into three eras: The ___________, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic (current)MesozoicThe Phanerozoic encompasses multicellular eukaryotic life and is divided into three eras: The Paleozoic, _______________, and Cenozoic (current)CenozoicThe Phanerozoic encompasses multicellular eukaryotic life and is divided into three eras: The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and ____________(current)extinction eventsMajor boundaries correspond to ______________ in the fossil recordstromatolitesThe oldest known evidence of lif are fossilized __________________, rock-like layers of bacteria and sediment that date back 3.5 billion years ago.prokaryotesThe sole inhabitants of Earth until about 2.1 BYAphotosynthesisMost atmospheric oxygen is of biological origin, a byproduct of _______________rusting, cyanobacteriaBy about 2.7 billion years ago, O2 began accumulating in the atmosphere and ____________ iron-ruch terrestrial rocks. The source was likely bacteria similar to modern ____________. (two answers separated by comma)eukaryoticThe oldest fossils of __________ cells date back 2.1 billion yearsthoery of endosymbiosisThe ______________ proposes that mitochondria and plastids were originally prokaryotes living within larger host cellsorganellesAncestors of _______________ may have entered their hosts as undigested prey or internal parasites, and in the process of becoming more independent, eventually became a single organismDNA and cellular machineryOrganelles replicate themselves with their own _______________colonialThe evolution of eukaryotic cells allowed for a greater range of unicellular forms, leading to emergence of _______________ formsmulticellularityA second wave of diversification occurred when true ___________ evolved, giving rise to algae, plants, fungi, and animalsalgaethe oldest known multicellular fossils are small ________ from about 1.2 BYA500 MYAmulticellular organisms began to colonize land about ___________420 MYAplants and fungi likely colonized land ______________athropods and tetrapodsbecame the most widespread and diverse land animalssupercontinentat three points, the land masses of earth have formed a _______________effects of pangeareduction in shallow water and a colder/drier inland habitat, changes in climate as continents moved toward and away from poles, changes in ocean circulation patterns, global coolingextinctThe fossil record shows that most species that have ever lived are _____________mass extinctionat times, the rate of extinction has increased dramatically and caused a ______________big fivein each of the ___________ mass extinction events, more than 50% of Earth's species became extinctnichesmass extinctions can alter ecological communities and the _______ available to organisms5 to 100It can take from ___________ million years for diversity to recover following a mass extinctionadaptive radiationrapid evolution of species as individuals spread to different environments, range from global to local areas, largely understood at the microevoltionary level and hypothesized to occur similarly in the macroevoltionary levelmammalsunderwent radiation after the extinction of terrestrial dinosaurscambrian explosionsaw the rapid emergence of most current animal phylaadaptive radiationscan occur whenever organisms colonize new environments with little competitionextinct, extantApparent trends should be always examined in a broad context, including both __________ and ________ lineages (two answers separated by commas)