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Chapter 7: Part II

Terms in this set (20)

Bomarc Missile
An American defensive missile deployed by Canadian forces during the 1960's. The purchase of these missiles created controversy because the missiles were meant to be armed with nuclear warheads. The Conservative Diefenbaker government decided not to use the nuclear warheads. During the 1963 federal election campaign, Lester Pearson's Liberal Party promised to acquire the warheads. After its election victory, the new Liberal government purchased the nuclear warheads making Canada very much part of the nuclear rivalry during the Cold War with the Soviet Union.
Cold War
This name refers to the political and military rivalry between the West (USA and allies) and the Communist Bloc (USSR and allies) from the after the Second World War to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. In many ways an ideological conflict between capitalism and communism, the rivalry led to a large-scale nuclear arms race. Canada played an integral part in the conflict in part because of its geographical location between the two super powers. We were a founding member of NATO in 1949 and joined with the USA to form NORAD in 1957
Diefenbaker
John 1895-1979, Conservative prime minister of Canada from 1957 to 1963. A brilliant speaker, he achieved the greatest majority at that time in the 1958 election. He was responsible for giving Status Indians the right to vote, and for introducing the Canadian Bill of Rights in 1960. He was defeated by Liberal Lester Pearson in 1963.
Tommy Douglas 1904-1986
Responsible for the creation of Universal Medicare in that province.
Post War Immigration
After the Second World War, some 2.5 million immigrants arrived in Canada, between 1945 and 1967. Most of these newcomers were from Europe.
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Formed during the 1960s, mainly consists of Middle Eastern oil producing countries. These nations collectively decide on the amount of oil that they will produce, thus determining the price of oil throughout the world, This cartel displayed its power in 1973 and 1974, when it refused to sell oil to most western nations. The price of oil shot up by nearly 400%.
Lester Bowles Pearson 1897-1972
From 1948-1 957 served as Canada's Minister of External Affairs. He served as President of the UNs General Assembly, and nearly became the Secretary General. In 1956, during the Suez Crisis, it was his work that created a United Nations peacekeeping force which was sent to the Middle East. For this he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957. He became leader of the Liberal Party in 1957, but lost the election to John Diefenbaker in 1958. From 1963 to 1968, however, he led two minority governments as Prime Minister. During his time in office, the new Canadian flag was introduced, as were the Canada Health Act, the Student Loan Plan, the Canada Pension Plan, and "colour blind immigration".
Refugee policy
Canada has had a policy of accepting legitimate refugees from oppressive regimes since the Second World War.
Vietnam War
A war between Communist North Vietnam and US-backed South Vietnam. American involvement during the 1960s resulted in - thousands of US citizens moving to Canada to avoid the military draft. Canada refused to help the US government in this war. Some 12 000Canadians, however, did join the US armed forces and participated in the conflict.
Cuban Missile Crisis
an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later.
Monroe doctrine
an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers
draft resisters
thousands of men during the Vietnam War who refused to join the army, even though there was conscription ( a number of them came to Canada)
Canadian contribution to Vietnam war
sold goods such as berets, boots, airplane engines and weapons to the US defense department
canada's reaction to Vietnam War
Canadian Government tried to remain neutral although many Canadians were against the war. Prime Minister Pearson and President Johnson did not see eye to eye about the war.
Vietnam War Ending
President Nixon pulled out troops starting in 1972 and all were out by 1973. North Vietnam conquered South Vietnam in 1975 and the war was over.Thousands of refugees from Vietnam were admitted to Canada.
Trudeau's Foreign Policy
Was less dependent on U.S. approval. Recognized China's communist governemnt despite the U.S.'s pressure to withhold this recognition. China was an important trading partner. Trudeau scaled back Canada's nuclear arms hoping to ease Cold War tensions.
CIDA
Canadian International Development Agency
• Established 1968
• Canada gave financial support to developing countries by tied aid
tied aid
assistance given by one country to another that requires the receiving country to buy goods and services from the donor country
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABMT)
first major achievement in detente (relaxed tensions) in the Cold War; limited US and Soviets to two clusters of defensive missiles
SALT 1
the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ratified by the Senate in October 1972, limited each nation to two antiballistic missile systems, froze each side's offensive nuclear missiles for five years, and committed both the United States and Russia to strategic equality rather than nuclear superiority
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