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Ivy Tech Psychology 101: Exam 1

Terms in this set (31)

What does the word "behavior" mean in the definition of psychology?
Behavior includes all of our outward or overt actions and reactions.
What does the word "mental processes" mean in the definition of psychology?
Mental processes refers to all internal, covert activity of our minds.
What are the four goals of psychology as a science?
The goal of psych is to learn how things work, uncovering the mysteries of human behaviors.
What is a nerve a bundle of?
Axons
What is the hippocampus for?
The hippocampus is responsible for long term memory.
Who created the idea of introspection as a method to measure mental activity?
Wilhulm Wundt
Which psychologist was most concerned about the study of adaptation to surroundings?
Wlliam James
What did Freud believe controlled most of our behavior?
Our unconscious thoughts
What perspective is the "third force?"
Humanisitc
Which perspective is most interested in self-actualization?
Humanistic
Which perspective is interested in storage and retrieval of information?
Cognitive
Which perspective is interested in how behavior relates to the survival of a species?
Evolutionary
What are the steps of the scientific method?
1. Perceiving Question
2. Hypothesis---> Educated guess
3. Testing
4. Conclusion
5. Report results
What is the observer effect?
When the person/animal being observed knows that they are being observed so the don't behave naturally.
What kind of observers does a researcher use to overcome observer bias?
Blind Observers
What is a case study and what are the advantages and disadvantages to it?
A case study is when one individual is studied in great detail. Advantage: Lots of detail and study is rare. Disadvantages: Can't apply research, could be bias.
What is the difference between the experimental group and the control group?
Experimental: the experiment is done to it. Control: the group that doesn't change.
What is the difference between the dependent and independent variables?
The independent variable in an experiment is the one that is manipulated by the experimenter while the dependent variable does not change at all and represents the measurable response of the experiment.
What kind of study involves not informing the participants regarding whether are are in the experimental or control group?
Single-blind
What kind of study involves neither the experimenter nor the subjects knowing who is in the experimental or control group?
Double-blind
What are the ethical guidelines of research?
1. The right's and well-being of the participants must be weighed against the study's value to science
2. Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation
3. Deception must be justified
4. Participants may withdraw from the study at any time
5. Participants must be protected from risks or told explicitly of risks
6. Investigators must debrief participants, telling the true nature of the study and expectations of results
7. Data must remain confidential
8. If for any reason study results in undesirable consequences for the participant, the researcher is responsible for detecting and removing or correcting, these consequences
What are the steps for scientific investigation?
1. Observe something of interest
2. Formulate a question that can be answered in a measurable way
3. Formulate a hypothesis that answers that question
4. Set up an experiment to test your hypothesis
What did Ivan Pavlov study and what did his study involve?
Pavlov study of the digestive system led to the first experimental model of classical conditioning. He did most of his work on dogs. Classical condition occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired.
Critical thinking is making judgements based on what?
Research
What perspective believes "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?"
Gestalt psychologist Kurt Koffka
Which perspective might be particularly interested in mate selection processes?
Darwin
Who oversaw the first psychology lab in 1879?
Willhelm Wundt
How do neurons communicate- what travels across a gap and what does that substance do once across the gap?
Neurotransmitters travel across the gap, once across the gap they fit themselves into the receptor sites, opening the ion channels and allowing sodium to rush in, activating the next cell.
Which part of the brain is responsible for the forming of new memories?
Hippocampus
What is substance P?
Working on it, haven't been able to find the answer yet
What is the process by which a neural impulse sent information?
...
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