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Human Anatomy Chapter 2 Study Guide

Terms in this set (40)

Matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
Energy
The capacity to do work ( Put matter into motion
*has not mass
Kinetic Energy
Active Energy
Potential Energy
Store energy
Law of Conservation of Energy
Total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant ----- Energy is neither created nor destoryed
6 elements that make up 98.5% of body mass
O, C, H, N, Ca, P
65, 18, 10, 3, 1.5,1 %
What is an atom? Name the 3 parts.
-the smallest indivisible unit of matter
-protons, neutrons, electrons
Atoms are electrically _______.
neutral
Protons and neutrons are ______ and have the same_______.
heavy, mass
Electrons are extremely_______ (think weight)
light
Atomic Number
-number above element Symbol on periodic table
-Number of protons
Atomic Mass
-number below element Symbol on periodic table
-sume of protons and neutrons
Isotopes
variant of the same element with different # of neutrons
Combination of 2 or more of the SAME atom
molecule
Combination of 2 or more DIFFERENT atoms
compound
Chemical bonding is the relationship based on ____________.
electrons
Full valence shell means the element is?
Inert
Having space for more electrons in the valence shell is ?
Reactive element
Ionic bond is the _______ of electrons
Transfer
Non- Polar Covalent Bond is the ________ of electrons
Sharing
Polar Covalent Bonds? Oxygen gains a partial _______ charge while Hydrogen gains a partial _____ charge.
-Atoms have different abilities to attract electrons
-Negative, Positive
ATP is generated in the process of _____________ __________
glucose catabolism
Give the full name of DNA and it's 4 components. Is it in or outside the nucleus? Why?
-Deoxyribonucleic acid
-A G C T
-Inside, it is too large to leave
Give the full name of RNA and it's 4 components. Is it in or outside the nucleus?
-Ribonucleic acid
-A G C U
-Outside
Are Nucleic Acids Organic or Inorganic molecules?
Organic
Nucleotides. Which ones are large and small?
-Building blocks
-Adenine, Guanine (Large), Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil (small)
Enzymes are NOT ______ by the reactions. They are a highly _________ fit -- lock and ____.
consumed, specific, key
Hydrogen Bonds are ______ attaractions between the _____ of water molecules
weak, poles
Name the 7 properties H-bonding gives water.
solvency
cohesion
adhesion
chemical reactivity
thermal stability
Inorganic molecules typically do not contain a ________. What are the examples of inorganic molecules?
-carbon
-salts, acids, bases, WATER
Organic molecules contain a ______ and are _____ bonded. What are the examples of organic molecules?
-carbon
-covalently
-proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA
hyrdolysis reactions
breaking down molecules by adding water
dehydrations reations
making molecules by removing water
Water is the most _______ inorganic compound in living things. It makes up ___ to ___ percent of the cell volume.
-abundant
-60, 80 %
Acid is a proton _____ and has a pH _____ 7.
-donor
-below
Base is a proton ______ and has a pH_______ 7.
-acceptor
- above
Exergonic is energy ________ and is found is ______ reactions.
releasing, decmposition
Endergonic is energy _____ and is found is _____ reactions.
Storing, synthesis
Monosaccharides are the ______ _____ of organic molecules. They contain ___ Carbon ___ Hydrogen and ___ Oxygen.
-building blocks
1, 2,1
What is the only polysaccharide found in human tissue and what organ is it produced by?
-Glycogen
-Liver
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