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Integrated Physics and Chemistry, Matter and Change, Quiz 3

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (27)

the amount of years it will take for half of the total percentage of the element to decay
half life of an element
add up the atomic mass (and atomic number) daughter components and make sure they equal the original parent component
How to ensure a nuclear equation is balanced
number of neutrons in Radioactive Decay formula
(A-Z)
A
Atomic Mass
X
Symbol of the Element
beta particle
negative particle identical to an electron but radiating from a decaying nucleus
gamma ray
high intensity bundle of energy being emitted from some decaying nuclei
alpha particle
particle radiating from the nucleus of some atoms
Geiger counter
the instrument commonly used to measure the intensity of radioactivity
Gamma rays consist primarily of
Pure energy and no mass
Isotopes can be identified by what?
the number of neutrons they contain
Number of neutrons =
atomic mass - atomic number
Beta particles cannot penetrate very far into solids because...
they have negligible mass
What is the significance of Einstein's famous equation E=mc2
Mass and energy can convert to one another
the minimum amount of unstable atoms needed to produce an uncontrolled chain reaction is called...
critical mass
Nuclear power plants require large volumes of ________ to cool reactors and convert heat to electricity
water
Which instruments can be used to detect radioactivity?
cloud chamber, Geiger counter, photographic film
Which instrument can NOT be used to detect radioactivity?
battery
which isotopes would be most likely unstable and therefore radioactive?
Isotopes with the highest neutron number
Z
Atomic Number
alpha particle formula
beta particle formula
fusion reaction
the joining of two small nuclei to form one nucleus with a larger mass than the combined mass of the original nuclei
fission reaction
the splitting of a nucleus into two smaller nuclei whose combined mass is less than that of the original nucleus
Stars are powered by ____________
fusion reactions
radioisotopes are used for
medical diagnosis, sterilization of equipment, detection of leaks in building structures
we are exposed to radiation from radioisotopes
on a daily basis
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