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WMS 8th Grade History: Unit 10: Manifest Destiny

Terms in this set (35)

Jedidiah Smith
Mountain man, trapper, and trader known for exploring the Rockies. He opened up the west with his discovery of the South Pass, which was wider and less steep than previous passes and which allowed wagon trails to run through it.
mountain men
Trappers and explorers who opened up the western pioneer trails
rendezvous system
The basis for the American fur-trapping industry, many traders ventured to the Rocky Mountains each summer to trade with fur-trappers and Indians for pelts in exchange for manufactured goods.
land speculators
People who buy land in the hope that it will increase in value
Santa Fe Trail
an important trade trail west from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico
William Becknell
Name of the Explorer who established the Santa Fe Trail and the Cimarron Cutoff
Oregon Trail
a route from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon City, Oregon, used by pioneers traveling to the Oregon Territory
Mormon
Member of a church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830
Brigham Young
Mormon leader who moved his followers to Utah to practice their religion in peace
Tejanos
people of Mexican heritage who consider Texas their home
Stephen F. Austin
Known as the Father of Texas, led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States
What rules were imposed on American settlers in Texas?
These people had to agree to become Mexican citizens, become Roman Catholic, and obey Mexican laws
What were the causes of the Texas Revolution?
#1. Politics (Mexico outlawed slavery)
#2. Autonomy (Texans want to govern themselves within the government of Mexico)
#3 Immigration (Americans outnumbered Mexicans in Texas 6 to 1; Mexico closed Texas to future American immigration)
#4 Taxes - (Mexico imposed taxes on Texans for the first time)
#5. invasion (Santa Anna sent more Mexican troops to Texas)
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876).
Sam Houston
Commander of the small Texan army during their rebellion against Mexico. His capture of Santa Anna led the Mexican dictator to signing treaties granting Texas its independence.
Battle of the Alamo
was the 1836 attack
on the Alamo mission in San Antonio by
Mexican forces during the Texas Revolution
where Texas was defeated.
Battle of San Jacinto
(1836) Final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas
Lone Star Republic
nickname for Texas after it won independence from Mexico in 1836
annex
To join or attach, as in the joining of a new territory to an existing country
James K. Polk
11th President of the United States from Tennessee; committed to westward expansion; led the country during the Mexican War; U.S. annexed Texas and took over Oregon during his administration. Slogan was "54th or Fight!"
Manifest Destiny
This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory.
Fifty Four Forty or Fight
The slogan of the supporters of Polk's plan for Oregon. They wanted the border of the territory to be on 54' 40° and were willing to fight Britain about it. Eventually the border between the united States and Canada was extended at the 49th parallel.He had to settle for half because had bigger issues with Mexico
What caused the Mexican American War?
1) Texas wanted the Rio Grande as the border.
2) Manifest Destiny for US.
3) Mexico would not recognize Texas as annexed to the US.
Zachary Taylor
General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War and 12th president of the United States. Sent by president Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but defeated.
Bear Flag Revolt
A revolt of American settlers in California against Mexican rule. It ignited the Mexican War and ultimately made California a state.
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
was the peace treaty that ended the Mexican-American War The treaty provided for the Mexican Cession, in which Mexico parts of modern-day Texas, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming, as well as the whole of California, Nevada, and Utah.
Mexican Cession
land that Mexico gave to the United States after the Mexican War, including what is now California, Nevada, and Utah; most of Arizona and New Mexico and parts of Colorado, Texas, and Wyoming
Gadsden Purchase
Purchase of land from Mexico in 1853 that established the present U.S.-Mexico boundary
James Marshall
A carpenter who first found gold at Sutters mill. In the American River.
forty-niner
a person who went to California in 1849 to find gold
Californios
settlers of Spanish or Mexican descent who populated California
California gold rush
Migration of thousands of people to California (in 1849) after gold was discovered there.
Why was there a debate over California statehood?
In 1849, Californians sought statehood heated debate over the slavery issue; California entered the Union as a free, nonslavery state by the Compromise of 1850.
How did the gold rush affect the population of California?
Population rose rapidly; very diverse - people came from all over the world; negatively affected Native Americans and Mexicans who were already there before the Gold Rush
Mariano Vallejo
A californio who was a member of one of the oldest Spanish families in America, he owned 250,000 acres of land. He lost all but 300 acres of his land.
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