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Chapter 6 Key Notes

Terms in this set (43)

Process selection
refers to deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized

Major implication for

Capacity planning

Layout of facilities

Equipment

Design of work systems
Key aspects of process strategy
Capital intensity and process flexibility
Capital intensity
The mix of equipment and labor that will be used by the organization
process flexibility
The degree to which the system can be adjusted to changes in processing requirements due to such factors as changes in product or service design, changes in volume processed and changes in technology.
Two key questions in process selection are
How much variety will the process need to be able to handle?

and

How much volume will the process need to be able to handle
Volume and variety are
inversely related
need for flexibility of personnel and equipment is _________related to the level of variety that process will need to handle
directly
Job Shop
usually operates on a relatively small scale. It is used when a low volume of high variety goods or services will be needed. (veterinarian)

High flexibility using general purpose equipment and skilled workers are important characteristics of a job shop.
Batch Processing
Used when a moderate volume of goods or services is desired, and it can handle a moderate variety in products or services (cookies, beer , ice cream etc.)
Repetitive
When higher volumes of more standardized goods or services are needed (Assembly lines, production lines)
Continuous
When a very high volume of nondiscrete, highly standardized output is desired, a continuous system is used. (steel, sugar, flour, salt) more developed equipment typically results in lower worker skills needed)
Project
A non repetitive set of activities directed toward a unique goal within a limited time frame
Product or service profiling
Linking key product or service requirements to process capabilities. Can be used to avoid any inconsistencies by identifying key product or service dimensions and then selecting appropriate processes.
Sustainable production
the creation of goods and services using processes and systems that are non-polluting; conserving of energy and natural resources; economically efficient; safe and healthful for workers, communities, and consumers; and socially and creatively rewarding for all working people
Technological innovation
The discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or processes for producing or providing them
Technology
The application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of products and services and operations processes
Process Technology
Methods, procedures, and equipment used to produce goods and provide services
Information technology
The science and use of computers and other electronic equipment to store process and send information
Automation
Machinery that has sensing and control devices that enable it to operate automatically
Programmable automation
Involves the use of high-cost, general purpose equipment controlled by a computer program that provides both the sequence of operations and specific details about each operation.
Computer aided manufacturing (CAM)
The use of computers in process control
Numerically controlled machines (N/C)
Machines that perform operations by following mathematical processing instructions
Flexible automation
Evolved from programmable automation. it uses equipment that is more customized than that of programmable automation
Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
A group of machines designed to handle intermittent processing requirements and produce a variety of similar products
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
A system for linking a broad range of manufacturing activities through and integrating computer system
3D Printing
A Process that creates a three-dimensional object by adding successive layers of material
Product layout
Layout that uses standardized processing operatiosn to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow
Production line
Standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of production tasks
Assembly line
Standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of assembly tasks
Process layouts
Layouts that can handle varied processing requirements
Service Layouts
Can be categorized as product, process, or fixed position. somewhat different due to degree of customer contact and degree of customization.
Intermittent processing
Non-repetitive processing
Fixed position layout
Layout in which the product or projects remains stationary and workers materials and equipment are moved as needed
Cellular production
Layout in which workstations are grouped in a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements.
Group Technology
The grouping into part families of items with similar design or manufacturing characteristics
Line Balancing
The process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements.
Cycle time
The maximum time allowed at each work station to complete its set of tasks on a unit.
Cycle Time
Operating time per day/Desired output rate
Output rate
Operating time per day/ Cycle time
Precedence diagram
A diagram that shows elemental tasks and their precedence requirements
Assigning tasks to workstations
assign tasks in order of most following tasks

(count the number of tasks that follow)
Assign tasks in order of greatest positional weight
Positional weight is the sum of each task's time and the times of all following tasks.
Balance delay
percentage of idle time of a line
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