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Science Vocab- Rocks

Terms in this set (33)

composition
the mineral makeup of a rock
rock cycle
process by which new rock forms from old rock
erosion
process by which sediment is removed from its source
deposition
process by which sediment is dropped and comes to rest in layers
weathering
process by which a rock is broken down by wind, water, ice, etc.
cementation
process by which rock particles are stuck together by melted materials
rock
solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter
metamorphism
process in which heat a pressure change a rock
uplift
process by which any type of rock is moved to the Earth's surface by underground forces
sediment
sand, gravel, clay, etc.
compaction
process by which sediments are squeezed together
texture
size, shape, and position of grains that make up a rock
solidification
process in which magma or lava hardens into a rock
magma
hot, liquid rock
stratification
process in which layers of sedimentary rock are formed
mafic
dark-colored igneous rock
non-foliated rock
metamorphic rock in which mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands
deformation
a change in the shape of a rock caused by great force
extrusive rock
rock that cools at the Earth's surface
foliated rock
metamorphic rock in which mineral grains are arranged in bands
index minerals
minerals used to estimate temperature and pressure at which metamorphic rock changes
chemical rock
sedimentary rock that forms from solidified minerals once dissolved in water
sedimentary rock
forms from weathering, erosion, compaction, and cementation
felsic
light-colored igneous rock
contact metamorphism
type or rock formed when it touches magma
metamorphic rock
forms from heat and pressure
clasts
another word for sediments
organic rock
sedimentary rock that is made from once-living things
glassy
the type of texture that only igneous rocks can have
regional metamorphism
type of metaphoric rock formed deep in the Earth and is under extreme pressure
igneous rock
forms when magma or lava cools and hardens
clastic rock
sedimentary rock that is formed from compacted and cemented sediments
intrusive rock
rock that cools below the Earth's surface
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