spc1017 Final FSU Ziegler Spring 2013

Terms in this set (60)

Cognitive Development

Development of the thinking and organizing systems of your brain, Involves language, mental imagery, reasoning, problem solving, and memory development. Began before birth

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Suggests that language you use to some extent determines or at least influences the way in which you view and think about the world around you. Your thoughts are affected by or influenced by your language

Semantic Triangle

Indicates direct relationship between symbols(words) and thoughts. Symbol-Thought-Referent = 3 tips of the triangle
Thought - Words we use as we think about the symbol
Referent - Image we create as a result of the symbol

Denotative Meaning

Connotative meaning

feelings or association one has about a word (Freedom, Love)

Language Environment

4 Elements
People
Purpose
Rules of Communication
Actual Talk

Ritual Language

Responses are expected of you; you learn them when you are very young, from parents or others

Inoffensive word or phrase that is substituted for other words that might be perceived as unpleasant

Words deliberately constructed for political purposes-- words intended to impose a desirable mental attitude on those using them.
Doesn't always have to do with unpleasant words, always relates to a political agenda

result of the way you select and arrange words and sentences

women use this; language designed to lead to intimacy with others, to match experiences and to establish relationships

Speaker goal is to maintain status, demonstrate knowledge and skills, and keep center-stage position.

Talk that comes directly to the point; does not use hesitation or qualifications; people who engage in this are more attractive/persuasive

Spoken language accompanied by this, meaning can be influenced by pitch and rate, volume and how often you pause

Aspect of style by which a thought is so presented that it evokes lifelike imagery or suggestion

Nonverbal communication

information communicated without words

Conversation management

Using nonverbal cues to structure conversations

Expectancy Violation Theory

will influence the outcome of the communication as positive or negative
-- Interactant Variables
--Environmental Variables
--Variables related to the nature of this interaction

Para-linguistic Cues

Rate, Pitch, Volume, Quality, Vocal Fillers

Emblems- Secret handshake;shaking head
Illustrators-accent, emphasize(underlining words)
Regulators- Control the back and forth flow of speaking and listening; involves hand gestures
Display of feelings - show through facial and body movements, how someone is feeling
Adaptors - nonverbal ways of adjusting to a nonverbal communication situations; behaviors that satisfy your physical or psychological needs; habits and are not intended to communicate

richer source of clues than other parts of the face, Eye contact is the most important aspect, role in flirtation is their most delightful aspect, indicates attractiveness, involvement, immediacy, and connection to others

Elective Characteristics

Physical characteristics you can control; clothing, makeup, tattoos and body piercings

Non-Elective Characteristics

you cannot change; height, body proportion, coloring, bone structure, and physical disabilities

Any addition to the body designed to beautify or decorate; Tattoos make people feel strong, free, wild, and unique

Space and Distance

Known as proxemics, examines the way people use the space around them as well as the distance they maintain from others
Terriotry- The space that a person considers as belonging to them

Intimate Distance - less than 18 inch apart
Personal distance - 18inch to 4 feet; engaged in personal convo
Social Distance- 4 feet to 12 ft; when we dont know people very well
Public distance - more than 12 feet; Public speaking

Study is called HAPTICS

Study of OLFACTICS

Study of CHRONEMICS

Integrative Listening Model

Assessing for listening both Systematically and Developmentally

Process of listening preparation, receiving, constructing meaning, responding, and remembering

Selective Attention

Ability to focus perception

Organization
Association
Visualization
Repetition

Four important factors that Cause Difficulty in Listening

Cognitive Dissonance - Occurs when you feel conflict because you hold two or more attitudes that are in opposition with each other
Anxiety- Disturbance that occurs in your mind regarding some uncertain event misgiving, or worry
Control - The desire to have governing influence over a situation and controlling listeners
Passiveness - The suspension of the rational functions and the reduction of any physical functions to their lowest possible degree

Most important, Sensitive to both nonverbal and verbal changes--sounds and sights of communication

Closely aligned to discriminative, understanding what others are saying because you are aware of and grasp the sense of the mssage

Listening for pleasure

Making judgement about what the other person is saying, seek to assess the truth in message and compare it to your values

Primary concern is understanding the message

Mentally identifying with the character and experience of another, emotional projection of yourself into another's life

Emotional Intelligence

Being self aware, managing emotions, motivating yourself, Recognizing emotions in others.

a question, gesture, look, touch; any expression that shows you want to be connected.
Response to a bid - positive or negative answer to request for connection

Relational Dialectics

Describes some of the patterns that occur in relationships as a result of tension that take place because of conflicting emotional needs

Social Penetration

Process of increasing both disclosure and intimacy in a relationship; one of the most studied processes in relational development

Social Penetration Theory

Closeness occurs through gradual process of self-disclosure

Social Exchange Theory

All relationships are formed using a subjective cost-benefit analysis and a simple comparison of possible alternatives

pleasures that result from being in a relationship
Intrinsic- within the relationship
Extrinsic- Outside the relationship
Instrumental- basic exchange of goods and services

Improving Relationships 6 big issues

Agressive talk
Aggression
Regrettable talk
Criticism
Avoidance

Professional Communication

relates to or engages in and conforms to business professions or occupations

Men; designed to preserve independence and negotiate/maintain status

Women; designed to establish connections and negotiate relationships

Employment interviews

used by employer to determine whether someone is suitable for job

Series of questions and answers exchanged; TASK oriented

Information Interview

goal is to gather facts and opinions from someone with expertise and experience in a specific field
Types include
Appraisal interview - supervisor makes a valuation by estimating and judging the quality of worth an employee's performance and then interviews the employee in connection with the appraisal
Disciplinary Interview - concerns a sensitive area
Exit Interview - termination of employee
Stress interview - sometimes part of the job search; designed to see how you act under pressure

the ideas we have about what is good and bad and how things should be; general guiding principles about how we should behave;two types
Instrumental value - guide people's day to day behavior; loyalty, honesty, friendliness, courage, kindness, cleanliness, thrift, responsibiity
Terminal Value - final goals that are or aren't worth attaining; vary but are shared by all human beings' freedom, safety, personal security, achievement, etc.

statements of knowledge, opinions, and faith

predispositions to respond favorably or unfavorably toward a person, subject, or situation

Effective Speech has 3 Parts (Aristotle)

Credibility - Ethos
Emotional Appeal - Pathos
Logical Appeal - Lothos

S-Square off
O-open up
L-lean in
E-Eye contact
R-relax

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