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Chapter 22

Terms in this set (28)

Berlin Wall
wall constructed by East German authorities in 1961 to seal off East Berlin from the West; it was breached on November 9, 1989
Bolsheviks
Russian revolutionary party led by Vladimir Lenin and later renamed the Communist Party; the name "Bolshevik" means "the majority"
Building Socialism
Euphemistic expression for the often-forcible transformation of society when a communist regime came to power in a state.
Castro, Fidel
Revolutionary leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008 who gradually turned to soviet communism and engendered some of the worst crises of the cold war.
Chinese Revolution
Long revolutionary process in the period 1912-1949 that began with the overthrow of the Chinese imperial system and ended with the triumph of the Communist Party under the leadership of Mao Zedong
Cold War
Political and ideological state of near war between the Western world and the communist world that lasted from 1946-1991
Collectivization
Process of rural reform undertaken by the communist leadership of both the USSR and China in which private property rights were abolished and peasants were forced onto larger and more industrialized farms to work and share the proceeds as a community raather than as individuals
Comintern
In full, "Communist International"; Soviet organization intended to control the policies and actions of other communist states
Cuban Missile Crisis
Majore standofff between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the Soviet deployment of nuclean missiles in Cuba; The confrontation ended in compromise, with the USSr removing its missiles in exchange for the United states agreeing not to invade Cuba
Cultural Revolution
China's Great Proletarian Culutral Revolution was a massive campaign launched by Mao Zendong in the mid- 1960's to combat the capitalist tendenceies that he believed reached into even the highest ranks of the Communist Party; the campaign threw China into chaos
Deng Xiaoping
Leader of China from 1976 to 1997 whose reforms essentially dismantled the communist elemnts fo the Chinese economy
Glasnost
Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of "openness," which allowed greater cultural and intellectual freedom and ended most censorship of the media; the result was a burst of awareness of the problems and corruption of the Soviet system
Gorbachev, Mikhail
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991 whose efforts to reform the USSR led to its collapse
Great Leap Forward
Major Chinese initiative (1958-1960) led by Mao Zedong that was intended to promote small-scale industrialization and increase knowledge of technology; in reality, it caused a major crisis and exacerbated the impact of a devastating famine
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Mao Zedong's great effort in the mid-1960's to weed out capitalit tendencies that he believed had out capitalist tendencies that he believed had developed in China
Great Purges
Also called the Terror, the Great Purges of larte 1930s were a massive attempt to cleanse the Soviet Union of supposed "enemies of the people"; nearly a million people were executed between 1936 and 1941, and 4 million or 5 million more were sentenced to forced labor in the gulag
Gulag
acromym for the Soviet government agency that administered forced labor camps
Guomindang
The chinese nationalist party led by Chiang Kai-shek from 1928 until its overthrow by the communists in 1949
Khrushchev, Nikita
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964
Lenin
adopted name of Vladimir Ilyih Ulyanov (1870-1924) the main leader of Russia's communist revolution and head of the soviet state from 1917 until his death
Mao Zedong
Chairman of china's communitst party and de facto ruler of china from 1949 until his death in 1976
McCarthyism
Wave of anticommunist fear and persecution that took place in the United States in the 1950s
National security state
Form of government that arose in the united states in response to the cold war and in which defense and intelligence agencies gained great power and power in general came to be focused in the executive branch
Perestroika
Bold economic program launched in 1987 by Mikhail Gorbachev with the intention of greeing up Soviet industry and businesses
Russian Revolution
Massive revolutionary upheaval in 1917 that overthrew the Romanov dynasty in Russia and ended with the seizure of power by communists under the leadership of Lenin
Stalin
Name assumed by Joseph Vissarionovich Jugashvili (1878-1953) leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death; "stalin" mean "made of steel"
Warsaw Pact
Military alliance of the USSR and the communist states of Eastern Europe during the cold war
Zhenotdel
Womens department of the communist party in the soviet union from 1919 to 1930; zhenotdel worked strongly to promote equality for women
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...