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History Final Exam

Terms in this set (50)

In 1945, Vietnamese forces formed a provisional government in Hanoi and declared independence from France under the leadership of

a. Thich Quand Duc.
b. Mao Tse Tung.
c. Nguyen Ngoc Loan.
d. Ho Chi Minh.
e. Ngo Dinh Diem.
d. Ho Chi Minh.
During World War II, the Vietminh fought the occupation of Vietnam by which nation?

a. China
b.the Soviet Union
c. France
d.the United States
e. Japan
e. Japan
Which of the following was NOT a member nation of the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO)?

a. Laos
b. Australia
c.the United States
d.the Philippines
e. France
a. Laos
Why did Lyndon B. Johnson insist on taking the oath of office with Jackie Kennedy at his side?

a.to demonstrate to the public that she supported his presidency

b.to dampen public enthusiasm for his opponent, Richard M. Nixon

c.to put a stop to widespread rumors that he had no right to the presidency

d.to show that the supposed friction between him and President Kennedy was a myth

e.to quell suspicions that he had had a hand in the assassination of President Kennedy
a.to demonstrate to the public that she supported his presidency
The winner of the 1968 presidential election was
a.Hubert H. Humphrey.
b.Richard Nixon
c.George Wallace.
d.Lyndon B. Johnson.
e.John F. Kennedy.
b.Richard Nixon
President Nixon's policy of détente made significant headway in 1972, beginning with his diplomatic trip to

a. China.
b.North Vietnam.
c.North Korea.
d. Cambodia.
e.the Soviet Union.
a. China.
The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I)

a.constituted the first step in negotiating peace with North Vietnam.

b.was an attempt at détente that was rejected by Moscow.

c.was an agreement limiting intercontinental ballistic missiles.

d.constituted the beginning of new diplomatic relations with China.

e.was used by President Nixon as evidence to support escalation in Vietnam.
c. was an agreement limiting intercontinental ballistic missiles.
In the election of 1972, Richard Nixon easily defeated the Democratic candidate

a.George Wallace.
b.Hubert Humphrey.
c.George McGovern.
d.Jimmy Carter.
e.Daniel Ellsberg.
c. George McGovern.
The Watergate scandal involved a break-in of the
a.Democratic National Committee headquarters.
b. Pentagon.
c.White House.
d.offices of Democratic congressional leaders. e.office of George McGovern.
a.Democratic National Committee headquarters.
Contrary to the belief of most Americans, Ho Chi Minh was not

a.controlled or financed by the Soviet Union.

b.truly a communist.

c.supported by many Vietnamese.

d.interested in securing Vietnamese independence.

e.accepting any help from the Chinese.
a.controlled or financed by the Soviet Union.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the "domino theory"?

a.America will win because we have all of the toys.

b.If one nation falls to communism, the others will, too.

c.Wars are not games, nor should they be.

d.Ho Chi Minh is a child, and should be treated as such.

e.A strong nation can resist the pressure of others.
b. If one nation falls to communism, the others will, too.
What controversy still surrounds the assassination of President Kennedy?

a.whether or not Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone

b.whether or not the North Vietnamese government was behind it

c.whether or not the Civil Rights Movement should have continued

d.whether or not Lyndon B. Johnson should have become president

e.whether or not Kennedy should have rode in an open-air convertible
a.whether or not Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

a.caused the Soviet Union to dismantle its missiles in Cuba

b.declared that President Kennedy had been killed by a lone gunman.

c.resulted in the resignation of President Nixon.

d.gave President Johnson the power to wage undeclared war in Vietnam.

e.officially ended the war in Vietnam.
d.gave President Johnson the power to wage undeclared war in Vietnam.
Why was Lyndon B. Johnson reluctant to be seen as weak in Vietnam?

a.He did not want to lose support for his domestic agenda.

b.He believed that any sign of weakness would invite a Soviet attack.

c.He wanted to uphold his longstanding reputation as an anti-communist.

d.He felt that it would be the best tribute to the fallen President Kennedy.

e.He had faith that American power would quickly subdue the Vietnamese.
a.He did not want to lose support for his domestic agenda.
The majority of the drafted men sent to Vietnam were

a.college students
b.from working-class families.
c.from the Lower South.
d.21 years old or younger.
e.African Americans.
b.from working-class families.
The Vietcong effectively employed guerilla tactics that included of all of following EXCEPT

a.destroying forests to uncover American troops.

b.setting land mines and traps in the jungle.

c.blending in with the civilian population.

d.building elaborate underground tunnel systems.

e.sending spies to infiltrate U.S. military bases.
a.destroying forests to uncover American troops.
One reason why search-and-destroy missions against the Vietcong were so challenging was because

a.it was hard to differentiate between the Vietcong and civilians.

b.the Chinese sent reinforcements to the aid of the Vietcong.

c.Congress would not expand use of the military draft.

d.the United States was reluctant to back up infantry with air strikes.

e.the Vietcong were superior fighters.
a.it was hard to differentiate between the Vietcong and civilians.
The impact of the Tet Offensive was magnified by all of the following EXCEPT

a.the daily televised news coverage of the fighting

b.the permanent loss of Saigon to the Vietcong.

c.its contradiction of official claims that the Americans were near victory.

d.the momentary guerilla takeover of the U.S. embassy in Saigon.

e.the growing skepticism of the media regarding the war.
b.the permanent loss of Saigon to the Vietcong.
In the wake of the Tet Offensive,

a.U.S military leaders became uncertain what it would take to win the war.

b.American officials censored all television coverage of the war.

c.the Republican Party overwhelmingly opposed the war.

d.President Johnson decided to withdraw all American troops.

e.U.S. morale increased as the public became more hopeful.
a.U.S military leaders became uncertain what it would take to win the war.
In 1968, President Johnson decided not to run for reelection because

a.he was responding to doubts that the Vietnam War could be won.

b.his health made it impossible for him to run.

c.his victory in the election of 1964 had been so narrow.


d.he believed that his reform program was doomed to failure.

e.he was still mourning the loss of President Kennedy.
a.he was responding to doubts that the Vietnam War could be won.
What was the effect of the American bombing campaign in Vietnam?

a.The Americans made significant territorial gains.

b.Vietnamese civilians turned against the Americans.

c.The North Vietnamese were subdued, though the Vietcong were not.

d.American casualties from antiaircraft guns and missiles were devastating.

e.The Vietcong decided to abandon its initial strategy based on traditional warfare.
b. Vietnamese civilians turned against the Americans.
The antiwar movement could BEST be described as

a.widely supported by the American public.
b.diverse in its membership.
c.dominated by Communists.
d.lacking unity.
e.at odds with the Civil Rights Movement.
d.lacking unity.
The term détente has been used to describe President Nixon's

a.methods of improving U.S. relations with China and the Soviet Union.

b.threat to use nuclear weapons against the Vietcong during the Vietnam War.

c.illegal wiretapping of alleged "enemies" of his administration.

d.psychological state in the final years of his presidency.

e.failed efforts to conceal the role that he played in the Watergate scandal.
a.methods of improving U.S. relations with China and the Soviet Union.
Effects of the Vietnam War included the

a.erosion of American confidence in the government.

b.obliteration of communism in Asia.

c.surrender of the Vietcong.

d.increased support for overseas warfare.

e.end of civilian suffering in Vietnam.
a.erosion of American confidence in the government.
All of the following are outcomes of the Vietnam War EXCEPT that

a.over 47,000 American soldiers died.

b.the United States spent over $173 billion dollars.

c.the domino theory was validated.

d.it tarnished the reputation of the American military.

e.it hurt American morale.
c.the domino theory was validated.
President Kennedy played a major role in the establishment of

a.the Job Corps.
b.the Peace Corps.
c. Medicare.
d. VISTA.
e.the Freedom Rides.
b.the Peace Corps.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964

a.prohibited segregation in public facilities.

b.was defeated in the House of Representatives.

c.was not backed by Lyndon Johnson.

d.guaranteed the right to vote to African Americans.

e.was signed into effect by President Kennedy.
a.prohibited segregation in public facilities.
As president, Lyndon B. Johnson differed from John F. Kennedy in that

a.he was very successful at getting domestic reforms passed in Congress.

b.he was wary of involving the federal government in social policy.

c.his intimidating demeanor turned off most members of Congress from his goals.

d.his Southern background influenced him to back away from supporting civil rights.

e.he did not support American involvement in the war in Vietnam.
a.he was very successful at getting domestic reforms passed in Congress.
Tapes of White House conversations revealed that President Nixon

a.was claiming innocence even to intimates.

b.had not wanted to run for re-election.

c.had been opposed to the wiretap at Watergate.

d.had no knowledge of an "enemies list."

e. had authorized a Watergate cover-up.
e. had authorized a Watergate cover-up.
The Rust Belt derived its name from

a.its closed automobile and steel factories.

b.its decaying coal mines.

c.its tarnished skyscrapers.

d.the high iron content of its soil.

e.the contaminated runoff from its factories.
a.its closed automobile and steel factories.
SALT I was a treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union that

a. limited the deployment of intercontinental and submarine-launched ballistic missiles.

b.banned the testing of nuclear weapons in all environments.

c.ended the development of additional nuclear weapons in both nations.

d.restricted both nations from creating national missile defense systems.

e.confirmed the commitment to mutually assured destruction as the best deterrence.
a. limited the deployment of intercontinental and submarine-launched ballistic missiles.
In a speech later called the "malaise speech," President Carter expressed his feeling that

a.the problems of the economy had been overrated.

b. the nation was experiencing a spiritual and moral crisis.

c.no actions were needed to solve the energy crisis.

d.he should not run for a second term of office.

e.he record profits of such companies as Exxon were merited.
b. the nation was experiencing a spiritual and moral crisis.
SALT II was technically killed when the Soviet Union invaded what country in 1979?

a. Afghanistan
b. Iran
c. Hungary
d. Czechoslovakia
e. Argentina
a. Afghanistan
President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative

a.resulted in large expenditures to create a missile shield.

b.was ultimately thwarted by Congress.

c.emphasized the use of traditional weapons rather nuclear arsenals.

d.was opposed by defense industry leaders.

e.represented an extension of the MAD policy.
a.resulted in large expenditures to create a missile shield.
Whom did the Reagan administration seek to support in Latin America?

a.Fidel Castro in Cuba

b.General Augusto Pinochet in Chile

c. counterrevolutionary forces in Nicaragua

d.the new revolutionary government in Grenada

e.Marxists rebels throughout Central America
c. counterrevolutionary forces in Nicaragua
What was one major cause of high unemployment in the 1970s?

a.the decline of the automobile and steel industries

b.a sharp increase in deficit spending

c.the outsourcing of jobs overseas

d.the deficient skills of the labor pool

e.uncertainty in U.S. relations with the Middle East
a.the decline of the automobile and steel industries
What dilemma characterized U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East in the 1970s?

a.supporting Israel without alienating oil-producing Arab nations

b.supporting Israel without provoking the Soviet Union

c.supporting Egypt without angering Israel

d.supporting Iran without endangering its relationship with Iraq e. cooperating with oil-producing countries without stirring up the Soviet Union
a.supporting Israel without alienating oil-producing Arab nations
The founding of Apple Computer and Microsoft were examples of what change in the American economy?

a.the following of trends from overseas

b.a focus on creating luxury goods

c.an emphasis on making products for entertainment

d.the rewarding of innovation with wealth

e. a shift to high-tech industries
e. a shift to high-tech industries
Both the Vietnam War and the Iranian hostage crisis

a.undermined public faith in national leadership.

b.were only intermittently followed by the American public.

c.resulted from American support for democratic regimes.

d.were ignited by Communist insurgents.

e.involved direct confrontation with the Soviet Union.
a.undermined public faith in national leadership.
Jimmy Carter won the election of 1976 because he

a.had been a leader in the antiwar movement.

b.appealed to conservative Republicans.

c. reassembled the New Deal coalition of Democratic voters.

d.was already widely known and supported outside of Washington.

e.appealed to Southern evangelists.
c. reassembled the New Deal coalition of Democratic voters.
In keeping with his desire to forge a new path in foreign relations, what was President Carter's first major achievement on this front?

a.He negotiated a treaty that would return the Panama Canal to Panama.

b.He successfully resolved the hostage crisis in Iran.

c.He softened America's stance against Communism

d.He agreed to meet with the government of North Korea.

e.He approved military strikes against Lebanon.
a.He negotiated a treaty that would return the Panama Canal to Panama.
President Carter responded to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in all of the following ways EXCEPT

a.minimizing the threat posed by the invasion.

b.banning grain and technology shipments to the Soviet Union.

c.increasing defense spending.

d.sending aid to Muslim fundamentalist rebels in Afghanistan.

e.boycotting the summer Olympics in Moscow.
a.minimizing the threat posed by the invasion.
The roots of the Iranian hostage crisis resided in
a.America's isolationist stance in foreign affairs.

b.President Carter's emphasis on human rights.

c.continuing high inflation in the United States.

d. America's support of the Shah of Iran.

e.OPEC's decreasing stature in the world.
d. America's support of the Shah of Iran.
According to the text, why did fundamentalism attract so many Americans in the 1970s?

a.It offered a culturally unified community.

b.It appeared to promise wealth to its followers.

c.It embraced many of the tenets of Roman Catholicism.

d.Its open hostility to African Americans was appealing to many whites.

e.Its followers were inspired by the born-again Baptist President Carter
a.It offered a culturally unified community.
In his first term, President Reagan did all of the following EXCEPT

a.increase social welfare spending.

b.increase defense spending.

c.increase the federal debt.

d.decrease taxes on the wealthiest.

e.decrease government regulation.
a.increase social welfare spending.
One reason that Ronald Reagan won the 1980 presidential election was because

a.he demonstrated a keener grasp of economics than did President Carter.

b.he advocated in favor of expanding New Deal programs.

c. he projected optimism at a time when Americans felt beleaguered.

d.Americans were disenchanted by the political scandals of the Carter administration.

e.Americans were hoping to extend the emerging economic boom.
c. he projected optimism at a time when Americans felt beleaguered.
Which of the following BEST describes President Reagan's managerial style?

a.He allowed his subordinates to make many decisions without his oversight.

b.He micromanaged his staff and weighed in on most decisions.

c.He trusted no one and made every decision by himself.

d.He was a "workaholic" who never took a day off.

e.He was often distant and focused more on policy than on politics.
a.He allowed his subordinates to make many decisions without his oversight.
How did President Reagan react to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's efforts to reduce tension between the two nations?

a.by agreeing to destroy some U.S. nuclear missiles

b.by refusing to meet with Gorbachev

c.by pouring funds into the Strategic Defense Initiative

d.by striving to undermine Gorbachev's leadership in Eastern Europe

e.by raising tariffs on imports from the Soviet Union
a.by agreeing to destroy some U.S. nuclear missiles
President Reagan frequently said that "government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem" and believed instead that

a.the power of the executive should override that of Congress.

b.New Deal and Great Society programs should be expanded.

c.Americans should turn to religion for help and solace.

d. an unfettered free market would result in prosperity

e.welfare and other social programs should be continued by the states.
d. an unfettered free market would result in prosperity
Which combination of factors contributed to the economic downturn of the 1970s?

a.a shrinking job market and rising energy costs fueled by strife overseas

b.a sharp increase in defense spending alongside tax cuts

c.deficit spending by the government alongside a credit crunch due to decreasing interest
rates

d.an increase in high-tech jobs requiring advanced degrees and the outsourcing of low-
skilled jobs

e.expensive interventions in the Middle East and declining prices and wages at home
a.a shrinking job market and rising energy costs fueled by strife overseas
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