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Chapters 5 (Chemistry)

Terms in this set (43)

Rutherford's atomic model couldn't explain
the chemical properties of elements
Rutherford's atomic model could not explain
why objects change color when heated.
Bohr proposed that an electron
is found only in specific circular paths, or orbitals, around the nucleus
in the Planetary Model
Electrons move around the nucleus like planets orbit the sun
each possible electron orbits in Bohr's model has a
fixed energy
the fixed energies an electron can have are called
energy levels
A _________ of energy is the amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level.
quantum
As you move farther from the nucleus,
the energy levels are close together
The energy levels in an atom are not
equally spaced
The higher the energy level occupied by an electron, _______it takes to move from that energy level to the next higher energy level.
the less energy
Problems in the Bohr Model:
It only worked for the hydrogen electron, electrons do NOT move in circular paths.
_____________used new theoretical calculations and results to devise and solve a mathematical equation describing the behavior of the electron in a hydrogen atom.
Erwin Schrodinger
The modern description of the electrons in atoms, the quantum mechanical model, comes from the mathematical solutions to the
Schrodinger equation
__________model determines the allowed energies an electron can have and how likely it is to find the electron in various locations around the nucleus.
The quantum mechanical
when electrons are in atomic orbitals and gases of high probability of finding an electron is the
Electron Cloud model
In the quantum mechanical model, the probability of finding an electron within a certain volume of space surrounding the nucleus can be represented as a
fuzzy cloud
The cloud is more_____where the probability of finding the electron is _____.
Dense, high
_______ are more likely to be found closer to the nucleus
electrons
The ______ of a wave is the wave's height from zero to the crest.
Amplitude
The _______is the distance between the crests.
wavelength
The ______is the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time.
frequency
The SI unit of cycles per second is ______
hertz
________ and ________ of light are inversely proportional to each other
wavelength and frequency
The product of the frequency and wavelength always equals a _________ the speed of light.
constant (c)
______ includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Electromagnetic radiation
When sunlight passes through a prism, the different frequencies separate into a _____of colors.
spectrum
ln the visible spectrum, ____ has the longest wavelength and the lowest frequency.
red light
_____waves has the longest wave length, low frequency and low energy
Radio
______ has a high frequency and high energy but a short wavelength.
Gamma rays (used to treat cancer)
______has the shortest wavelength and highest frequency
violet light
_____ consists of light with a continuous range of wavelengths and frequencies.
sunlight
Energy is directly proportional to _____
frequency
constant with a value of 6.626E-34 J
E=hv
____becomes excited
electrons
When atoms absorb energy, electrons move into ______. These electrons then lose energy by emitting light when they return to _____.
higher energy levels; lower energy levels
is unique to each element
Atomic emission spectrum
The frequencies of light emitted by an element separate into discrete lines to give the _______of the element.
atomic emission spectrum
When the electron has its lowest possible energy, the atom is in its_____
ground state
Excitation of the electron by absorbing energy raises the atom from the ground state to an______
excited state
___ changes correspond to a particular wavelength(the color that you see)
energy
_______explained that light could be described as a quanta of energy (light as a particle)
Albert Einstein
Light Qantas are called ___
photons (packets of light)
The ______ states that it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time.(applys to electrons)
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
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