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USMLE Step 1 Cardio Drugs

Terms in this set (77)

hydralazine mechanism
increases cGMP--smooth muscle relaxation; arterial dilator, reduces afterload
hydralazine use
severe hypertension, CHF; first line for HTN in pregnancy with methyldopa
hydralazine coadministered with what? Why?
beta blocker; to prevent reflex tachycardia
hydralazine toxicity
headaches, nausea, fluid retention, reflex tachycardia, angina, LUPUS LIKE SYNDROME
Ca channel blockers
nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem
Ca channel blocker mechanism
block voltage dependent L-type Ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle--reduce contractility
affinity of Ca channel blockers
heart: verapamil > diltiazem > nifedipine
vascular smooth muscle: nifedipine>diltiazem>verapamil
Ca channel blocker use
hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, Prinzmetal's angina, Raynaud's
Ca channel blocker toxicity
cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, constipation
nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate mechanism
release of NO in smooth muscle causes increase in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation; dilates veins more than arteries; decreases preload
nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate use
angina, pulmonary edema; aphrodesiac and erection enhancer
nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate toxicity
reflex tachycardia, hypotension, flushing, headache, "Monday disease"
drugs for malignant hypertension
nitroprusside, fenaldopam, diazoxide
nitroprusside mechanism
increase cGMP via direct release of NO
nitroprusside toxicity
releases cyanide (so can cause toxicity)
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