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geog 102 exam 3

Terms in this set (51)

hearth
-an area or place where an idea, innovation, or technology originates
subcontinent
-a portion of a continent that was once separate and merged through continental drift
outsourcing
-hiring employees outside the home country of a company in order to reduce the cost of labor inputs for the good or service
regional interaction between religion, physical geography, and countries
-
diffusion
-the spread of an idea, innovation, or technology from its hearth to other people or places
types of diffusion
-expansion diffusion: the trait spreads from the hearth outward contiguously and evenly (ex. hierarchical-the spread of something through authority figures to others, contagious-a quick widespread of a characteristic or idea throughout a population, and stimulus-when an underlying principle spreads but the characteristic itself remains the same)
-relocation diffusion: the spread of a practice when a group moves or migrates from one area to another
monsoon
-a prevailing wind coming from one direction for a long period of time
ablutions
-ritual bathing or cleansing followed as a religious practice or instruction
kleptocracy
-a government system in which the leaders steal wealth from the state
sacred space
-a place that is infused with religious or spiritual meaning
green revolution
-intensified agriculture that uses engineered seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation to increase intensive agriculture practices
Indus waters treaty
-treaty between government of India and the government of Pakistan concerning the most complete and satisfactory utilization of the waters of the Indus system of rivers
Radcliffe border decision
-each boundary commission had four representatives, two from the congress and two from the Muslim League and given the tension between the both, the decision regarding boundary ultimately lay with Radcliffe
settlement
-the act of residing in and establishing a permanent community by a group of people
Sepoy Rebellion and colonization
-uprising in 1857 by Indian soldiers against the British East India Company that marked the transition to direct colonial rule by the British in South Asia
cyclones
-a system of winds rotating inward to an area of low atmospheric pressure, with a counterclockwise (northern hemisphere) or clockwise (southern hemisphere) circulation; a depression
ethnicity
-the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition
informal economy
-portion of the economy that is not taxed or regulated by government. Goods and services are exchanged based on barter or cash systems and earnings are not reported to the government
formal economy
-economy productivity in agriculture, mining, industry, and services that is counted or taxed by government. Trade is through formal channels, often using credit.
princely states
-territories in south Asia that remained outside of direct British colonization
disputed borders
-
South Asia is called a subcontinent because it
-was once separate from thee Eurasian plate and collided with it 60 million years ago
If you traveled in South Asia in the summer months, you could see evidence of the summer monsoon in all of the following except
-days of mourning or sorrow mark the first rains of the monsoon season
in 1960, India and Pakistan signed the Indus Waters Agreement. All of the following were motivations for both countries to sign except
-Pakistan wanted to build an enormous dam, and India did not want the dam built
When India and Pakistan gained independence in 1947, Bangladesh was
-part of Pakistan called East Pakistan
Bangladesh is susceptible to flooding from the wet monsoon and cyclones. Aside from the low elevation and high poverty, researchers found high death rates because
-discriminatory eating practices result in women being undernourished
Which of the following pairs of predominant religion with a country is correct?
-Pakistan and Islam
The Sepoy Rebellion took place in 1857 outside of Delhi, India. After the rebellion ended, the situation changed in South Asia because
-The British government began to directly colonize South Asia instead of using the British East India Company as their proxy
The Pakistan government is described as a kleptocracy. One way this is evident is n the ghost schools where money flows to the school, but the school does not operate.
-True
The British did not physically colonize the princely states of India. They gained the loyalty of the princes through
-paying them with annual privy purses
Which of the following rebel or separatist groups is paired with the correct state in which they are seeking a say in government?
-Baluchi separatists in Pakistan
When Radcliffe drew the border between India and Pakistan, which of the following did he do to determine where the borders should go?
-stayed in a room and studied outdated maps
India is the leading call center in the world.
-False
The cultural landscape of Software Technology Parks of India (STPIs) reflect India's role in the current model of outsourcing in
-the headquarters and offices of Indian corporations including Tata and Infosys
The 2 billion people who compromise the global poor and live on less than $2 a day conduct most of their economic activity in the
-informal economy
Which of the following is NOT an impact of the Green Revolution in South Asia?
-farmers who have adopted Green Revolution practices continue to farm in the formal economy
All of the following tend to be wide spread characteristics of the Southwest Asia and North Africa region EXCEPT
-a fairly uniform conservative dress codes for women
Prior to the intro of modern, western technology, the people of the region largely lacked the ability to tap and move large quantities of water for agricultural purposes.
-False
All of the following were first domesticated in Southwest Asia EXCEPT
-tomatoes
In addition to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, another religion originating in Southwest Asia is
-Baha'i
Which of the following types of diffusion best describes how Judaism has most commonly spread from one area to another?
-relocation diffusion
A major schism occurred within Islam after the death of Muhammad as he had not named a successor to be leader of caliph. As a result, there are two major branches or sects of Islam today, Sunni and Shi'a. All of the following statements about these two branches and their differences are accurate, EXCEPT
-Sunnis are the most numerous Muslim sect in the world today (70% of Muslims) and comprise the majority of Muslims in all countries in the region of Southwest Asia and North Africa
Places of religious or spiritual significance are sometimes referred to as sacred space. Sacred spaces are unique to particular faith communities and never shared.
-False
All of the following were characteristics of the first known example of urban living, the Samarian City States, EXCEPT
-the social structures of these cities was very egalitarian, with priests, craftsmen, and farmers all dealing with one another as equals
The Islamic City is an urban form characterized by
-elements of the classic Islamic City include: a central market place (or suq), mosques, a citadel, and public baths
-Buildings and alleyways are often designed to protect privacy. Entrances to homes may be L-shaped, walls are often windowless, and alleys are narrow and irregular to create blind spots
-the residential land use is often compact, with walled familial compounds and open courtyards
-many modern cities in the region have long histories, and therefore have an older section of town, frequently known as the Medina, which has the characteristics of an Islamic city
Babylonian, Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian, and Sumner are all civilizations which originated in Southwest Asia and North Africa, but ___ ___ did not.
-Ancient Roman
France, Spain, Italy, and England were all colonial powers in Southwest Asia and North Africa, but ____ was not.
-Netherlands
An internal characteristic of a religion that not will affect its rate of diffusion is whether it is a non-proselytizing or ethnic faith (such as Islam) or a proselytizing or universal faith (such as Judaism).
-False
All of the following are characteristics of environmental narratives EXCEPT
-long standing understandings of deforestation and desertification in North Africa were based on solid science and are not examples of environmental narratives
All of the following statements are true regarding environmental security, EXCEPT
-there is a broad agreement about what is driving the scarcity of resources which may lead to conflict
The "Fertile Crescent," and area found between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Iraq, is significant because
-this is the first place, according to most scientists, where crop agriculture started about 10,000 BC
-most scholars agree that this was the first region of Independent urbanization about 4000-35000 BC
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