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World War II & Holocaust Study Guide

Terms in this set (32)

Causes of WWII
1. Treaty of Versailles - Germany not happy with War guilt cause 2. axis powers: Germany, Italy, Japan. Hitler creates treaty with Stalin(non-aggression pact) 1931-japan invades Manturia 1933-Hitler comes to power, 1939-Hitler invades Poland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia, (this causes Britain and France to declare war on Germany) December 7, 1941- Pearl Harbor, US pulled into the war when the Japanese bomb the naval fleet
Joseph Stalin
Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)
Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.
Adolf Hitler
Born in Austria, Hitler became a radical German nationalist during World War I. He led the National Socialist German Workers' Party-the Nazi Party-in the 1920s and became dictator of Germany in 1933. He led Europe into World War II.
Isolationism & the US
a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations. This policy delayed the US in joining WWII
Winston Churchill
A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.
Appeasement
Satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability.
nonaggression pact
1939-Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland
Blitzkrieg
German word meaning lightning war. It was a German army tactic during World War II which called for quick moving, hard hitting drives into enemy territory.
Battle of Britain
an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.
Axis Powers
in World War II, the nations of Germany, Italy, and Japan, which had formed an alliance in 1936.
Allies
Group of nations, including the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union, who opposed the Axis powers
Cash & Carry
policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.
Lend Lease Plan
FDR's plan to lend or lease whatever war supplies the US could make to any country whose defense was considered vital to the defense of the US
Pearl Harbor
United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941. The US entered the war the next day on December 8, 1941
American factories and how they influenced the war effort
Brought the US out of the depression with the factories making all different types of supply for the war effort.
Women in WWII
worked in armed forces but no combat, new kinds of jobs like manufacturing, airplane plants and shipyards
D-Day
June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.
Battle of the Bulge
World War II battle in December 1944 between Germany and Allied troops that was the last German offensive in the West. The Allies pushed the Germans back
Battle of Iowa Jima
Six week struggle for control of key Pacific Island that resulted in Allied Victory
Battle of Midway
U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.
Manhattan Project
code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II
Atomic Bomb
bomb dropped by an American bomber on Hiroshima and Nagasaki destroying both cities
Island Hopping
the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan.
Hiroshima
City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II
Nagasaki
Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945).
VE day
May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered
VJ day
"Victory over Japan day" is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was initially announced on August 15, 1945
Holocaust
Nazis' program during World War II to kill people they considered undesirable. Some 6 million Jews perished during the Holocaust, along with millions of Poles, Gypsies, Communists, Socialists, and others.
Genocide
systematic killing of a racial or cultural group
Concentration camps
prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately.
How many Jews died during Holocaust
6 million
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