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Chapter 3

Terms in this set (16)

rock
is any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as a part of our planet; by heat, pressure, and/or chemical active fluids
ingenious rock
a rock formed by the crystallization of molten magma
sedimentary rock
rock formed from the weathered products the preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited, compacted, and cemented
magma
is molten material that forms deep beneath Earths surface
weathering
is a process in which rocks are physically and chemically broken down by water, air, and living things that produce sediment
sediment
loose particles created by the weathering and erosion of rock, by chemical precipitation from solution in water, or from the secretions of organisms and transported by water, wind, or glaciers
metamorphic rock
rock formed by the alternation of preexisting rock deep within earth
lava
magma that reaches earth's surface
rock cycle
a model that illustrates the origin of the three basic rock types and the interrelatedness of earth's materials and processes
instructive igneous rock
igneous rock that has form above Earth's surface
extractive igneous rock
igneous rock that has formed on Earth's surface
porphyritic texture
an igneous texture consisting of large crystals embedded in a matrix of much smaller crystal
granitic composition
a compositional group of igneous rocks that indicate a rock is composed almost entirely of light colored silicates, mainly quartz and feldspar
basaltic composition
a compositional group of igneous rocks indicating that the rock contains substantial dark silicate minerals and calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar
andesitic composition
the composition of igneous rocks lying between felsic and mafic
ultramafic
igneous rock composed mainly of iron and magnesium-rich minerals
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