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LifeU ortho lab positives & indicators only

Terms in this set (78)

Dugas test
-Inability to touch the opposite shoulder and/or inability of the elbow to touch the chest. Indicates acute dislocation of the GH joint.
Anterior apprehension test
-Patient will have a noticeable look of apprehension or alarm on their face with possible pain. Indicates chronic anterior dislocation of the GH joint
posterior apprehension test
-Patient will have a noticeable look of apprehension or alarm on their face with possible pain. Indicates cronic posterior dislocation of the GH joint
Codman's drop arm test
-Patient will not be able to lower the arm slowly or it drops suddenly. Indicates rotator cuff tear, usually supraspinatus
Appley's scratch test
-Exacerbation of pain. Indicates degenerative tendinitis of rotator cuff tendons, usually supraspinatus
impingement sign
-Pain in the shoulder. Indicates overuse injury to the supraspinatus and possible biceps tendon
Dawbarn's test
-Decrease in pain/tenderness. Indicates subacromial bursitis
Yergason's test
-Localized pain/tenderness at the bicipital groove. Indicates bicipital tendonitis.
-Audible click or the biceps tendon subluxates/dislocates. Indicates Instability of the biceps tendon, possibly associated with a torn transverse humeral ligament
Abbott-Saunder's test
-Palpable or audible click. Indicates subluxation or dislocation of the biceps tendon (rupture of a transverse ligament or tendon subluxation beneath subscapularis muscle tendon).
Speed's test
-Pain/tenderness in the bicipital groove. Indicates bicipital tendonitis
Medial Collateral Ligament Test (Abduction Stress Test)
-Excessive gapping and pain. Indicates MCL instability
Lateral Collateral Ligament Test (Adduction Stress Test)
-Excessive gapping and pain. Indicates LCL instability
Tinel's Elbow Sign
-Pain/tenderness at the site being tapped and paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution area (fingers 4-5). Indicates neuroma of the ulnar nerve
Cozen's Test
-Pain over the lateral epicondyle. Indicates lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
Mill's Test
-Pain over the lateral epicondyle. Indicates lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
Golfer's Elbow Test
-Pain over the medial epicondyle. Indicates medial epicondylitis aka golfer's elbow
Tinel wrist sign
-Reproduction of pain, tenderness and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and the lateral 1/2 of the 4th digit). Indicates Median neuritis, possibly carpal tunnel syndrome
Phalen sign AND reverse phalen aka Prayer sign
-Reproduction of pain and/or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution area (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and the lateral 1/2 of the 4th digit). Indicates Median neuritis, possibly carpal tunnel syndrome
Finkelstein test
-Pain distal to the radial styloid process. Indicates Stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis ( DeQuervain's Disease)
Bunnel-Littler test
-Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint cannot be achieved, Indicates joint capsule contracture.
-Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint can be achieved, Indicates tight intrinsic muscles
Retinacular test
-Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint cannot be achieved, indicates joint capsule contracture.
-Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint can be achieved, Indicates tight retinacular ligament
Allen test
-A delay of more that 10 sec (Evans 5 sec) in returning a reddish color to the hand. indicates radial or ulnar artery insufficiency. The artery being held (occluded) by the examiner is not the artery being tested.
Foraminal compression
-Exacerbation of localized cervical pain. Indicates foraminal encroachment or facet pathology without nerve root compression.
-Exacerbation of cervical pain with a radicular component. Indicates foraminal encroachment or facet pathology with nerve root compression.
Cervical distraction test
-Diminished or absence of localized pain. Indicates foraminal encroachment.
-Diminished or absence of radicular pain. Indicates nerve root compression.
-Increase of cervical pain. Indicates muscular strain, ligamentous sprain, myospasm, facet capsulitis
Spinal percussion test
-Local pain indicates possible fractured vertebrae, spinous pain indicates ligamentous involvement, muscular pain indicates muscular involvement
-Radiating pain indicates possible disc pathology
Shoulder depression test
-Localized pain on the side being tested indicates dural sleeve adhesion, and muscular adhesion/contracture, or spasm, or ligamentous injury.
-Radiating pain on the side being tested indicates neurovascular bundle compression, dural sleeve adhesions, or thoracic outlet syndrome.
-Radicular pain on opposite side being tested indicates foraminal encroachment with nerve root compression
Valsalva maneuver
-Radiating pain from the site of lesion, usually recreating the complaint in cervical or lumbar area of the spine indicates space occupying lesion (e.g. disc pathology)
Swallowing test
-Difficulty swallowing indicates Space-occupying lesion at anterior portion of cervical spine. Possibly esophageal or pharyngeal injury, anterior disc defect, muscle spasm or osteophytes etc.
Soto-Hall sign
-Generalized pain in the cervical region, which may extend down to the level of T2. Indicates Non-specific test for structural integrity of cervical region
Kernig sign
-Inability to fully extend the leg and/or pain, usually in the neck region. Indicates meningeal irritation/ meningitis
O'Donoghue Maneuver
-Pain during passive ROM. Indicates ligamentous sprain, because passive ROM stresses ligaments
-Pain during active resisted ROM. Indicates muscle/tendon strain, because active resisted ROM stresses muscles and tendons.
Hoover sign
-Lack of counter pressure on the healthy side. Indicates lack of organic basis for paralysis (malingering/hysteria). With organic hemiplegia, the patient will still exert downward pressure when attempting to raise paralyzed leg
Straight Leg Raiser
-Radiating pain and/or dull posterior thigh pain. Indicates Sciatic radiculopathy or tight hamstrings. Positive between 35-70 degrees = possible discogenic sciatic radiculopathy. > 70 degrees = tight hamstrings
Goldthwait sign
-Localized pain, low back or radiating pain down the leg. Indicates lumbo-sacral or sacroiliac pathology. Pain occurring after the lumbars move = possible lumbo-sacral problem. Pain occurring before the lumbars move = possible sacroiliac problem.
Bragard sign
-Radiating pain in posterior thigh. Indicates sciatic radiculopathy
Buckling sign
-Pain in the posterior thigh with sudden knee flexion (buckling). Indicates sciatic radiculopathy
Bowstring sign
-Pain in the lumbar region or radiculopathy. Indicates Sciatic nerve root compression, helps rule out tight hamstrings
Lasegue test
-Reproduction of sciatic pain before 60 degrees. Indicates sciatica
Milgram test
-Inability to perform test and/or low back pain. Indicates weak abdominal muscles or space occupying lesion
Bechterew test
-Reproduction of radicular pain or inability to perform correctly due to tripod sign. Indicates sciatic radiculopathy
Neri Bowing test
-Pain accompanied by flexion of the knee on the affected side and body rotation away from the affected side. Indicates a variety of low back pathologies. Hamstring tension on the pelvis may trigger the response.
Anterior Innominate test
aka Mazion Pelvic Maneuver (advancement sign)
-The inability to bend at the waist more than 45 degrees, because of:
-Radiating pain along the sciatic nerve, either unilateral or bilateral. Indicates sciatic neuralgia, radiculopathy, etc.; possibly due to lumbar disc pathology.
-or Low back pain in lumbar or pelvic regions. Indicates anterior rotational displacement of the ilium relative to the sacrum.
Lewin standing test
-Radiating pain down the leg causing flexion of the patient's knee or knees. Indicates gluteal, lumbosacral or sacroiliac pathologies.
Heel walk
-Inability to perform test. Indicates L4-L5 disc lesion, L5 nerve root.
Toe walk
-Inability to perform test. Indicates L5-S1 disc lesion, S1 nerve root.
Ely heel to buttock test
aka Ely sign in Evans
-Inability to raise the leg. Indicates iliopsoas spasm.
-Pain in anterior thigh. Indicates Inflammation of the lumbar nerve roots.
-Pain in the lumbar region. Indicates lumbar nerve root adhesions.
Leg length discrepancy
-Different measurements. Indicates True= bony abnormality above or below level of trochanter difference (anatomical short leg). Apparent= pelvic obliquity (tilted pelvis)
Allis Sign
-Difference in height and anteriority of the knees.
If one knee is lower= ipsilateral congenital hip dislocation or tibial discrepancy (anatomical short leg)
If one knee is anterior= ipsilateral congenital hip dislocation or femeral discrepancy (contralateral anatomical short leg)
Thomas test
-Lumbar spine maintains lordorsis and hip/leg flexes. Normally lumbar spine would flatten and hip/leg would remain flat on the table. Indicates contracture of the hip flexors (iliopsoas)
Anvil test
-Localized pain in long bone or in hip joint. Indicates possible fracture of long bones, or hip joint pathology
Patrick test aka Fabere sign
-Pain in the hip region. Indicates hip joint pathology
Laguerre test
-Pain in the hip joint. Indicates hip joint pathology.
-Pain in sacro iliac joint. Indicates mechanical problem of the sacroiliac joint.
Gaenslen test
-Pain on the affected SI joint stressed into extension. Indicates general sacroiliac joint lesion, anterior sacroiliac ligament sprain, or inflammation of the SI joint
Lewin-Gaenslen test
-Pain on the affected SI joint stressed into extension. Indicates general sacroiliac joint lesion, anterior sacroiliac ligament sprain, or inflammation of the SI joint
Hibb test
-Pain in the hip region. Indicates hip joint pathology.
-Pain in the buttock/pelvic region indicates sacroiliac joint lesion.
Ober test
-Affected thigh remains in abduction (with normal biomechanics the thigh/hip will adduct). Indicates contraction of the iliotibial band or tensor fascia lata, (usually secondary to synovitis of the hip, and trauma of the gluteus medius and maximus)
Pelvic rock test
aka iliac compression test
-Pain in either sacroiliac joint. Indicates sacroiliac joint lesion.
Nachlas test
-Pain in the buttock and/or lumbar region. Indicates sacroiliac joint lesion or lumbar pathology.
Yeoman test
-Pain deep in the SI joint. Indicates sprain of the anterior sacroiliac ligaments.
Ely sign
aka Ely test (cipriano)
-While performing Yeoman's, Nachlas, or Hibbs tests, the hip on the side being tested will flex causing the buttock to raise off the table. Indicates rectus femoris or hip flexor contracture.
Trendelenburg test
-High iliac crest on supported side and low crest on the side of elevated leg. Indicates weak gluteus medius muscle on the supported side.
McMurry sign
-Clicking sound or pain in the knee joint. Indicates tear of medial meniscus if positive on external rotation, or tear of lateral meniscus if positive on internal rotation. The higher the leg is raised during extension when positive is elicited, the more posterior the meniscal injury.
Medial collateral ligament test
aka Abduction stress test
aka Valgus stress test
-Gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below joint line. Indicates torn medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament test
aka Adduction stress test
aka Varus stress test
-Gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below joint line. Indicates torn lateral collateral ligament
Bounce home test
-Knee does not go into full extension or slight flexion remains. Indicates diffuse swelling of the knee, accumulation of fluid, due to possible torn meniscus.
Drawer test knee
-Gapping > 6mm from the tibia moving posterior when leg is pushed. Indicates torn posterior cruciate ligament.
-Gapping > 6mm from the tibia moving anterior when leg is pulled. Indicates torn anterior cruciate ligament.
Lachman test
-Gapping with the tibia moving away from the femur. Indicates anterior cruciate ligament and/or posterior oblique ligament instability.
Apprehension test for the patella
-Apprehension, distress of facial expression, contraction of quadriceps to bring patella back in line. Indicates chronic patella dislocation or pre-disposition to dislocation.
Patella femoral gliding test
aka Clarke sign
-Retropatellar pain and the patient is unable to hold the quadriceps contraction. Indicates degenerative changes within the trochlear groove and/or of the patellar facets (chondromalacia patella)
Patella ballottment test
-A floating sensation of the patella. Indicates a large amount of swelling in the knee.
Apley compression test
-Patient points to the side of pain. Pain on medial side indicates medial meniscus tear. Pain on lateral side indicates lateral meniscus tear.
Apley distraction test
-Patient will point to side of pain. Pain on medial side indicates medial collateral ligament tear. Pain on lateral side indicates lateral collateral ligament tear.
Drawer sign
(Anterior Drawer sign of the ankle)
-Translation with the talus moving away from or toward the tibia;
-with tibia pushed/foot pulled; indicates a tear/instability of the anterior talofibular ligament.
-with tibia pulled/foot pushed; indicates a tear/instability of the posterior talofibular ligament.
Ankle Dorsiflexion test
-The foot cannot doriflex with knee extended, but is able to with knee flexed. Indicates contracture of the gastrocnemius muscle.
-The foot cannot dorsiflex in either knee position. Indicates contracture of the soleus muscle.
Rigid or Supple Flat Feet test
-Absence of medial longitudinal arch in both positions. Indicates rigid flat feet.
-Presence of medial longitudinal arch while seated, but not with standing. Indicates supple flat feet.
Homan's sign
-Deep boring pain in the calf. Indicates deep vein thrombophlebitis.
Thompson test
-Absence of foot plantarflexion motion. Indicates Achilles tendon rupture.
Morton test
-Sharp pain in the forefoot. Indicates metatarsalgia or neuroma (usually at the 3rd and 4th metatarsal interspace)
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