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Chapter 4 Test Study Guide

Terms in this set (31)

Peninsula
Body of land with water on three sides
Colony
Settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties with its homeland
Polis
The early Greek city-state, made up of a city and the surrounding countryside and run like an independent county
Agora
in early Greek city-states, an open area that served as both a market and a meeting place
Tyrant
Person who takes power by force and rules with total authority
Oligarchy
Government in which a small group of people holds the power
Democracy
Government in which all citizens share in running the government
Helot
Person who was conquered and enslaved by the ancient Spartans
Satrapies
The 20 states into which Darius divided the Persian Empire
Satrap
Official who ruled a state in the Persian Empire under Darius
Zoroastrianism
Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end
Direct Democracy
System of government in which people gather at mass meetings to decide on government matters
Representative Democracy
System of government in which people elect leader to make laws
Philosopher
Thinker who seeks wisdom and ponders questions about life
Sparta
A powerful Greek city-state that focused on military (army) and was often at war with Athens. Type of government was an oligarchy.
Athens
A powerful Greek city-state that focused on building government and education. Became trading center of the Greek world (had a good navy). Type of government was a direct democracy.
Persia
Empire that covered a lot of Asia and into Europe and Africa. They were warriors and nomads.
Cyrus the Great
King of Persia who united and expanded the Persian Empire
Xerxes
Persian king who sought revenge on Athens. Launched new invasions on Greece to increase wealth and glory.
Pericles
Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age. Made Athens more democratic.
King Darius
Persian king who reorganized the government and built a large army
Spartan Warriors
Started training - age 7
Entered army - age 20
Returned home - age 30
Stayed in army until age 60
Minoans
Taught Mycenaeans how to work with bronze, build ships, and navigate by using the sun and stars
Requirements to be Greek citizen
land owning, native born men
Minoan's economy was based on ___________?
Trade. Because Greece was surrounded by water and consisted of many islands in the Aegean Sea.
Marathon
Battle where the outnumbered Athenians attacked the Persians as they were getting onto their boats. This gave them the upper hand and allowed Athens to win the battle.
Salamis
Battle won by the Greeks because their navy was better. The Athenian navy was large and their ships were faster and easier to move than the Persian's ships
Delian League
Created by the Greeks to protect them from the Persians. It would eventually free almost all of the Greeks cities under Persia's control
Peloponnesian War
War between Athens and the rest of Greece. Athens had become too powerful and Sparta and other city-states worked together to trick and defeat the Athenians into defeat
(Discussion - Answers must be in complete sentences) How did geography affect the way that Greeks made their living?
- The mainland of Greece was very mountainous and had bad soil. Hard to farm
- Greece is a peninsula, giving it a lot of coastline which led to an economy based on fishing and trade
(Discussion - Answers must be in complete sentences)
Why was the Peloponnesian War bad for both the winners and losers of the war?
- Divided Greeks (how?) and made them easier to conquer (how?)
- Look at page 146 for more details to help answer the question
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