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Cognitive Disorders (FAM)

Terms in this set (15)

What is cerebral palsy?
a nonprogressive impairment of motor function, especially that of muscle control, coordination, posture
-can cause abnormal perception and sensation; visual, hearing, speech impairments; seizures; cognitive disabilities
causes of cerebral palsy
-non progressive abnormality of immature brain that occurs prenatal, perinatal, postnatal (up to 2 years)
-most common permanent disability in children
spastic cerebral palsy
-hypertonic and permanent contractures
-most common form
-hypertonia, rigidity, contractures curvature of spine
-impairs fine and gross motor skills
dyskinetic (athetoid) cerebral palsy
-abnormal involuntary movements
-impaired voluntary muscle control
-twisting movements
-may impair speech
ataxic cerebral palsy
-affects balance and depth perception
-rare form
-abnormal voluntary movement
-balance and position of trunk and limbs
-wide based gait
-trouble with fine motor skills
mixed cerebral palsy
-most common is spastic and athetoid
warning signs of cerebral palsy
-3 month old with poor head control
-persistent asymmetric tonic neck reflex beyond 6 months
-stiff arms and legs during infancy/early childhood (push away/arch back)
-floppy or limp body in infants
-use of one side only to play or move about
-feeding difficulties (inability to swallow safely)
-startle reflex stays after 6 months
diagnostic testing for cerebral palsy
-clinical prenatal history
-apgar scoring
-physical assessment
-EEG
-CT/MRI
nursing diagnoses for cerebral palsy
-delayed development
-impaired physical mobility
-risk for injury
-caregiver role strain
-impaired swallowing
-risk for aspiration
-body image
-skin integrity
treatment for cerebral palsy
-focus on helping child develop to fullest potential
-PT, OT, ST
-Special education
-braces/splints
-positioning devices
-cool cap
-thicken formula
-surgery to lengthen achilles tendon, stabilize joints, release contractures
-modify environment
Medications for cerebral palsy
-control seizures
-control spasms
-benzos, skeletal muscle relaxant
-botulinum toxin type a, calcium channel blocker (dantrolene)
benzodiazepine (cerebral palsy)
-diazepam, lorazepam
-control spasticity and rigidity
-SE: drowsiness, drooling, physical dependence
skeletal muscle relaxant (cerebral palsy)
-baclofen
-oral or intrathecal pump
-inhibits motor nerve conduction
-SE: hypotonia, increased seizures, sleepiness, N/V, s/s of infection
botulinum toxin a (cerebral palsy)
-botox
-blocks neuromuscular contraction, inhibits acetylcholine release - helps with walking, stumbling, leg cramps, calf atrophy
-IM injection treats spasticity in lower extremities
-repeated injections every 3-6 months
Down syndrome
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