Ch 6 Questions

What inhibitor permanently alters the enzyme it inhibits?
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Terms in this set (30)
What inhibitor permanently alters the enzyme it inhibits?
irreversible inhibitor
The highest free energy is found in the _____(s) of a reaction.
transition state
Autotrophs typically obtain their carbon from:
CO2
Of the following choices, which can be a product of a catabolic reaction?
nucleic acid like RNA
an amino acid like tryptophan
a complex carbohydrate like cellulose
a motor protein like myosin
a lipid like cholesterol
an amino acid like tryptophan
What is the role of enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions?
Enzymes stabilize the transition state and decrease its free energy.
The potential energy in a molecule of ATP that is harnessed to do the work of the cell is held in part in the:
repulsion of the phosphate groups from each other.
Which one of the following statements about the formation of a peptide bond is INCORRECT?

The reaction is endergonic.
The reaction is spontaneous.
The reaction is anabolic.
None of the other answer options is correct.
The reaction has a positive ΔG.
The reaction is spontaneous.
The reactions in the pathways of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle break down glucose into smaller molecules. Therefore, these pathways:
are catabolic pathways.
Which of the following type(s) of inhibitor can bind to the active site of an enzyme? (Select all that apply.)

a reversible inhibitor
an allosteric inhibitor
an irreversible inhibitor
a reversible inhibitor
an irreversible inhibitor
The amino acids that actively contribute to catalysis in an enzyme do not have to be located adjacent to each other in the primary sequence (the linear sequence of amino acids) of the protein.

True
False
True
Match the specific examples of transformations between kinetic and potential forms of energy to the type of transformation. 1. Non-biological example of a kinetic → potential energy conversion 2. Biological example of a kinetic → potential energy conversion 3. Non-biological example of a potential → kinetic energy conversion 4. Biology example of a potential → kinetic energy conversion a. Photon drives ATP and NADPH production b. Pull an arrow back in a bow c. ATP is used to move motor molecules like actin d. Release the cocked arrow1: b 2: a 3: d 4: cAnabolic pathways of metabolism are pathways that:build complex molecules from simple ones.A given enzyme in a pathway can be activated by one molecule and inhibited by a different molecule. True FalsetrueThe energy of activation of a reaction is:the energy input needed to reach the transition state.Which of the following examples is considered catabolism? (Select all that apply.) a. a person losing weight on a calorie restriction diet b. hydrolysis of glycogen (a glucose polymer) during activity c. fat cells growing bigger during times of ample nutrition d. use of fat (triglyceride) stores as a cellular energy source e. synthesis of new DNA copies prior to cell divisiona. a person losing weight on a calorie restriction diet b. hydrolysis of glycogen (a glucose polymer) during activity d. use of fat (triglyceride) stores as a cellular energy sourceWhich of the following examples is considered anabolism? (Select all that apply.) a. hydrolysis of glycogen (a glucose polymer) during activity b. use of fat (triglyceride) stores as a cellular energy source c. synthesis of new DNA copies prior to cell division d. a person losing weight on a calorie restriction diet e. fat cells growing bigger during times of ample nutritionc. synthesis of new DNA copies prior to cell division e. fat cells growing bigger during times of ample nutritionYour lunch is digested by enzymes in your gastrointestinal tract. These chemical reactions are categorized as:catabolismWhich of the following is an example of anabolism? a. hydrolysis of starch b. production of acids c. breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate d. shivering to generate heat e. combining glucose molecules to form glycogene. combining glucose molecules to form glycogenAn avalanche is an example of _____ energy.kineticOf the following molecules, which has the GREATEST potential energy? sodium chloride carbon dioxide water glucose alanineglucoseAs a cat pounces on a mouse, her muscles burn 10 units of potential energy (which the cat previously gained from eating). However, the pounce itself only required 4 units of kinetic energy. How many units of energy were dissipated as heat?6Which of the following reactions is MOST likely to be exergonic? the digestion of protein from food into amino acids the formation of cellulose from individual glucose molecules the replication of DNA from free nucleotides the synthesis of a phospholipid from glycerol and fatty acidsthe digestion of protein from food into amino acidsGlycolysis, the breakdown of a glucose molecule to two molecules of pyruvate, is an example of a reaction that is: exergonic and catabolic. exergonic and anabolic. endergonic and catabolic. explosive. endergonic and anabolic.exergonic and catabolic.Which of the following would you predict for an allosteric enzyme? (Select all that apply.) a. An allosteric inhibitor could cause a conformational change in the enzyme that decreases its activity. b. Inhibitors would bind at the active site. c. A downstream product later in the pathway could inactivate the enzyme. d. An increase in the concentration of substrate molecules could activate the enzyme. e. A downstream enzyme later in the pathway could inhibit the allosteric enzyme.a. An allosteric inhibitor could cause a conformational change in the enzyme that decreases its activity. c. A downstream product later in the pathway could inactivate the enzyme. d. An increase in the concentration of substrate molecules could activate the enzyme.A biologist working in a lab adds a compound to a solution that contains an enzyme and substrate. This particular compound binds reversibly to the enzyme at the active site. Once the compound is bound to the enzyme, the catalysis of substrate to product stops. Which of the following is true of the compound? The compound is a noncompetitive inhibitor. The effect of the compound can be overcome by adding more substrate. The compound is an allosteric inhibitor. The compound is a catalyst for the reaction. The compound is an allosteric activator.The effect of the compound can be overcome by adding more substrate.Suppose that three critical amino acids in the active site of a specific enzyme are arginine, lysine, and histidine. Which of the following characteristics would you predict the substrate to possess in order to bind the active site of this enzyme? relatively hydrophobic hydrophilic, with a negative charge hydrophilic, with a positive charge hydrophilic, but without a chargehydrophilic, with a negative chargeA biologist working in a lab adds a compound to a solution that contains an enzyme and substrate. This particular compound binds reversibly to the enzyme at the active site. Once the compound is bound to the enzyme, the catalysis of substrate to product stops. Which of the following is TRUE of the compound? (Select all that apply.) a. The effect of the compound can be overcome by adding more substrate. b. The compound is an allosteric inhibitor. c. The compound competes with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme. d. The compound is an allosteric activator. e. The compound is a catalyst for the reaction.a. The effect of the compound can be overcome by adding more substrate. c. The compound competes with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme.A biologist working in a lab adds a compound to a solution that contains an enzyme and its substrate. This compound binds to the enzyme and decreases the rate at which the enzyme converts substrate to product. However, this decrease can be overcome by increasing the concentration of substrate to the reaction mix. Therefore, which of the following is TRUE of the compound? The compound is an allosteric inhibitor. The compound is an allosteric activator. The compound is a catalyst for the reaction. The compound is an inhibitor that binds to the active site of the enzyme.The compound is an inhibitor that binds to the active site of the enzyme.Suppose that three critical amino acids in the active site of a specific enzyme are threonine, serine, and glutamic acid. Which of the following characteristics would you predict the substrate to possess in order to bind the active site of this enzyme? hydrophilic, with a positive charge hydrophilic, but without a charge relatively hydrophobic hydrophilic, with a negative chargehydrophilic, with a positive chargeWhich of the following is a component of an ATP molecule? (Select all that apply.) adenine three phosphate groups riboseadenine three phosphate groups ribose