Ch 17 S.S.

Kwame Nkrumah
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Terms in this set (30)
Kwame Nkrumah
(1909-1972) Ghanaian nationalist leader and statesman; he pushed for Ghanaian independence from Great Britain and was elected Ghana's first president in 1957
Jomo Kenyatta
(c.1893-1978) African political leader and first president of Kenya from 1964 to 1978; he was a leader of the African nationalist movement.
Mau Mau
a violent movement in Kenya during the 1960s, led by Kikuyu farmers, to rid the country of white settlers
apartheid
the South African government's official policy of legalized racial segregation throughout the society
African National Congress
political organization in South Africa; founded in 1912, it developed into the main opposition force to apartheid
Nelson Mandela
(1918-) Former guerrilla fighter; statesman; he helped end apartheid and became the first black president of South Africa
Sharpeville Massacre
(1960) an incident in which South African police fired on a crowd of apartheid protestors, killing 67 people
Soweto Uprising
(1976) a major student protest against apartheid that took place in the township of Soweto; the peaceful march turned violent, killing more than 600 people and wounding 4,000
F. W. de Klerk
(1936-) South African statesman and president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994; he began the process of ending apartheid in South Africa by lifting the ban on antiapartheid parties and releasing Nelson Mandela from prison.
one party system
political system in which a single political party controls the government and elections are rarely competitive
patronagethe practice of rewarding political loyalty with well-paying government positionsMobutu Sese Seko(1930-1997) President of Zaire; he made himself dictator and, over the course of his rule, amassed great wealth for himself at the expense of his people, who remained poor.desertificationthe transformation of habitable land to desert through a change in climate or destructive land usenegritude movementAfrican and Afro-Caribbean literary movement founded in Paris in the 1930s that rejected European models and promoted pride in African cultural identityDavid Ben-Gurion(1886-1973) Israeli statesman; he founded the Histadrut labor organization and was head of the Mapai Labor Party from 1930 to 1965Gamal Abdel Nasser(1918-1970) Egyptian army officer, political leader, and first president of the republic of Egypt; he helped lead a military coup that forced King Faruq to abdicate. He banned existing political parties and undertook an ambitious land reform program to gain support for his regime among the poorSuez Crisis1956) Egypt's confrontation with Britain, France, and Israel over control of the Suez CanalBaghdad Pactduring the Cold War, a U.S.-led alliance against communism in the Middle EastPan-Arabismpolitical movement in the 1950s and 1960s promoting Arab unityMohammad Reza Pahlavi(1919-1980) Shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979; during his reign, Iran's oil industry was controlled by foreign interests. He was overthrown in a revolution led by the Ayatollah KhomeiniOrganization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesOPECSix Day War(June, 1967) war between Israel and Egypt, Syria, and Jordan; Israel's victory gave it control of areas with large Palestinian populations, including the West Bank and GazaYom Kippur War(1973) war launched by Egypt and Syria against Israel on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur; the Israeli counterattack, supported by the United States repulsed the Syrians and EgyptiansGolda Meir(1898-1978) Israeli politician; she was the prime minister of Israel during the Yom Kippur War and sought assistance and supplies from the United States.Anwar Sadat(1918-1981) Egyptian soldier and statesman; he launched the Yom Kippur War against IsraelMenachem Begin(1913-1992) Israeli politician and prime minister; he signed a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat that ended thirty years of conflict between Israel and Egypt.Camp David Accords(1978) a peace agreement mediated by U.S. President Carter between Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begininfitadaa violent uprising by Palestinians against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the late 1980sAyatollah Ruhollah Khomeini(c. 1900-1989) Iranian political and religious leader; he led a revolution to overthrow the Shah of Iran's government in 1979; he ruled the country for the next ten years.Iranian Revolution(1978-1979) a revolution against the shah of Iran led by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, which resulted in Iran becoming an Islamic republic with Khomeini as its leader