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Gustation (taste) and olfaction (smell) exam 2
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Terms in this set (19)
five basic tastes
-bonus
1. salty
2. sweet
3. sour
4. bitter
5. umani
*Kokumi (thickness)
flavor
the perception of taste and smell
papillae
the bumps distributed all over the tongue (3 kinds)
taste buds
located in each papillae and contain 50 to 100 taste receptors
taste pore
the pening at the surface of the taste bud that taste cells extend cillia into
Salty taste process (2)
1. sodium (na+) ions transport across taste cell membranes
2. causes depolarization and sends info to the brain
3. a receptor variant (TRPVL) provides additional sensitivity to na+
sour taste process (2)
1. acids release h+ ions
2. sour taste cells contain an ion channel protein which detects carbonation drinks
sweet, bitter, and umani receptors
1. stimulate G Protein coupled receptors that cause a cascade of intracellular events
2. different combinations of protein subunits of the T1R and T2R families produce specific tastes
gustory system
extends from the tste receptors to the cortex
olfactory epithellum
contains receptor neurons in the nose where smell starts
3 types of cells in the olfactory epithellum
1. olfactory receptor neurons
2. supporting cells
3. basal cells
each olfactory receptor has a __________________ that extends to the ______________________________
optical dendrite
mucousal surface
______________emerge from the __________________________ on the optical dendrite and an ____________ extends from the other side of the olfactory receptor to the _______________________
cillia
dendritic knob
axon
olfactory bulb
once at a receptor cell, odorants interact with receptors on the _____________and ___________________________. This activates the ____________________ which _____________________________________________________________________________________
cilla
dendritic knob
Goff protein
triggers production of 2nd messengers
olfcatory receptor cells end in the ______________________ which is organized into many ______________________________
olfactory bulb
glomeruli/spherical units
olfactory receptor axons synapse into the dendrites of ___________________________ within the glomeruli and conduct smell info die=rectly to the cortex and other brain regions
mitral cells
the olfactory system is the only main sensory system that bypasses the _____________________
thalamus
many vertebrates have a _________________________ to detect pheremones which has receptors found in a ________________________________ near the olfactory epithellum
vomeronasal system
vomeronasal organ
TAARS
-acronym
-definition
-significance
-Trace amine associated receptors
-new class of olfactory receptor that respond to pheremones
-humans have them, making it possible to detect pheremones
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