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Humanities chap 4

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What were some Roman contributions to western civilization?
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What were some Roman contributions to western civilization?
Some Roman contributions to Western civilization include the Roman alphabet, the division of the year into twelve months (our calendar), the success of the Christian church, the basis of a democratic republic, and a codified legal system.
What did the Romans value more: good government and military prowess, or cultural and artistic achievements?
Romans believed themselves to excel in the areas of good government and military prowess, rather than the arts or philosophy. Roman talent lay in their ability to assimilate and build upon the creative innovations of other peoples, particularly the Greeks.
What are the two main periods of Roman history called?
509 to 31 B.C.E.: ______________
31 B.C.E. to C.E. 476: ______________
Roman history is divided into the period of the Roman Republic, 509 to 31 B.C.E, and Imperial Rome, 31 B.C.E. to C.E. 476.
What people occupied Rome from 616 to 510 B.C.E.? What is the name for the part of Italy ruled by these people?
The Etruscans occupied the region of Tuscany in what is now northern central Italy from 616 to 510 B.C.E.
How did the art of the Etruscans differ from that of the Greeks?
Etruscan art emphasizes the expressive impact of the work on the viewer over concerns with proportion, which characterized much of Greek art. Etruscan sculpture and painting is relaxed and celebratory of the natural world while at the same time exhibiting highly sophisticated craftsmanship.
In what ways did the Etruscans help Rome rise to power?
Prior to their exposure to Etruscan culture, Rome was a small community ruled by tribal chiefs. Under Etruscan influence Rome was transformed into city with a working infrastructure and a thriving cultural center which had contact with other Italian cities and the various peoples of the Mediterranean.
What event marks the beginning of the history of the Roman Republic?
The emergence of the Roman Republic is dated to 510 B.C.E., when the Romans expelled the Etruscans from Roman territories. Over the next two centuries their cities were conquered, the Etruscans were given full citizenship, and ultimately assimilated into Roman society.
What Roman class was represented in the Senate?
The Senate represented the Roman aristocracy (the patricians).
What was the name of the large open space in the center of Rome used for meetings of the Senate and the assemblies of the people?
The large open space in the center of Rome used for meetings of the Senate and the assemblies of the people is called the forum.
What was the significance of the passage of Hortesian Law? How did this influence the balance of power in the Republic?
This redistribution of power led to increasing tensions between the patrician and plebian, which became further strained with the rise of a strong plebian middle class.
What territories did the Roman expansion acquire? What was the impact of this expansion on the state and the colonies?
The Roman expansion included the seizure of Carthage from the Phoenicians and their territories in North Africa, Spain and Sicily. They went on the take control of all the territories surrounding the Mediterranean, including Greece, Asia Minor and the Middle East. This substantial expansion stretched the administrative capabilities both within Rome and in its outer territories.
What events in the last hundred years of the Roman Republic would cause many Romans to welcome the rule of an emperor such as Augustus?
A cycle of revolts and power struggles ending in violence during the last hundred years of the Roman Republic caused many Romans to welcome Emperor Augustus and the stability of his reign.
What were the two principal schools of philosophy in Rome? Where did they originate?
The two principal schools of philosophy in Rome were Epicureanism and Stoicism. Both had origins in Greece.
According to Epicurus, why should humans be able to live free from superstitious fear of the unknown and not have to fear the threat of divine retribution?
According to Epicurus the gods play no part in human affairs or earthly events and thus humans should live free from superstitious fear of events they cannot control or the threat of divine retribution.
What Greco-Roman philosophy is associated with Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius?
Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius were adherents to the Greco-Roman philosophy Stoicism.